V I N 



V J N 



fiderably increafed and expedited, they can, of courfe, be 

 managed by being kept in a dwarf ftate, in fomewhat the 

 manner of the currant, and in this way produce much fruit 

 for the purpofe of wine. It is a method which feems to 

 have anfwered well in fome cafes, and which is perfeftly 

 fuited to many fituations, where the vine might be culti- 

 vated for the making of wine in the fouthern parts of this 

 country. See ViTis and Wine. 



It is evident from a variety of circumftances, that the 

 cultivation of the vine in the open ground of this country, 

 in the view of procuring wine from the fruit, fhould be 

 more attended to than has hitherto been the cafe. In fome 

 fituations it would probably afford a better profit and advan- 

 tage than the hop, and with much lefs expence of cultiva- 

 tion ; while in others it is alraoft the only plant that could 

 be introduced with any chance of fuccefs. 



Vine Gall-Infia, an infedl of the gall-infeft clafs, prin- 

 cipally found on the vine, though capable of living on fome 

 other trees, and fometimes found on them. It is much of 

 the fame (hape, figure, and manner of life, with the other 

 animals of this clafs ; but differs from them in this, that as 

 they lay their eggs all under their body, and continue ab- 

 folutely to cover them till they are hatched, thefe pro- 

 trude them from their body, and they are found in pro- 

 digious abundance, lodged in a fort of cottony or filken 

 bags, all over the llalks and branches of the vines : the dead 

 animal is fometimes found covering them in part, but more 

 frequently they are abfolutely naked, and often are fo 

 numerous, as to appear like thin cobwebs hung one over 

 another all over the vine. 



Thefe eggs might be eafily miflaken for thofe of fmall 

 fpiders ; they always hatch well, and come to maturity on 

 the vines they are found on ; but if removed to others, 

 they feldom come to any thing, which is very Angular, 

 fjnce the gall-infedls of almofl all other trees may be re- 

 moved and propagated either on the fame or on different 

 trees. 



Thefe vine-infefts are of the boat-fafhioned kind ; but 

 befide thefe, there are fome other fpecies which lodge their 

 eggs in a cottony neft of the fame kind. The common 

 ihoro affords a fhorter and more convex kind than this 

 does ; thefe are a very fmall fpecies ; others are fomething 

 larger ; but the oak affords a fort equal in fize, if not ex- 

 ceeding thofe of the vine ; fome of thefe are brown, others 

 blueifh, and others reddilh ; and there are fome minute 

 differences in their fhape. Reaumur, Hid. Inf. torn. iv. 

 p.6i. 



ViNE-Grufo, a name given by fome authors to the 

 pucerons, or httle infefts which are ufually of a green 

 colour, and are found, often in prodigious numbers, llick- 

 ing to the leaves of trees and plants, and to their young 

 ilalks. 



M. Reaumur has been very curious in his inveftigation 

 of the nature of this infeft ; but the manner of propagating 

 its fpecies was never clearly obferved, till Mr. Bonet dif- 

 covered it. 



Reaumur obferves, that in every family of pucerons, there 

 ^e fome that have wings, and fome that have not ; and that, 

 according to the ufual courfe of nature, the winged ones 

 Ihould be males, and the others females ; but, on the con- 

 trary, that both the winged and the unwinged vine-grubs 

 are females, all being viviparous, and each kind producing 

 a number of living young ; fo that the males of thefe 

 pucerons were never difcovered, even by that careful ob- 

 lerver ; nor could he ever find out what it was that im- 

 pregnated the one and the other kind. He leaves us queries 

 on this fubjeft, whether there is no copulation among them ? 



10 



and whether they are all hermaphrodites, each having im 

 itfelf the organs of both fexes, as is the cafe of the river 

 mufcles ? 



Mr. Bonet, in order to inform hirafelf of the procefs of 

 nature in thefe creatures, brought up one of them in perfeft 

 folitude from its birth ; he had an opportunity of obferving 

 it in the place where it was kept, and watched it ver\' 

 flriftly for many months together. At the end of twelve 

 days this creature, without having had any copulation with 

 a male, began to breed. She produced in the whole ninety- 

 five young ones, all alive, and conftantly under the eye of 

 the obferver. This experiment was repeated feveral times 

 with the fame fuccefs : and, at length, repeated upon the 

 young ones produced in this manner, and they were found 

 to breed at the fame period, and in the fame manner with 

 their parent, without having had any copulation with a 

 male, as far as to the fourth generation. 



A hafty obferver would immediately conclude from this, 

 that there was no copulation among the pucerons ; but 

 farther enquiry proves that this is not the cafe ; for the 

 fame obferver has found a fpecies of them in which there is 

 copulation ; fo that both the winged and the unwinged 

 kinds are truly females, and the male is a fmail fly, of a 

 very different (hape, as is the cafe in regard to many other 

 infefts. This male is the moft falacious creature imagin- 

 able, copulating a vait many times fucceffively, with the 

 fame, and with different females As this is the cafe in 

 regard to one fpecies of this creature, it doubtlefs is fo 

 alfo in regard to the reft, though that has not yet been 

 obferved : and the Angularity feems to be this, that after 

 the male has copulated with the female, fhe not only 

 becomes prolific, but her young ones are born ready im- 

 pregnated, as far as the fourth generation ; after which, 

 probably, there is a necelTity for the copulation with the 

 male again. 



There is another very Angular obfervation alfo in the pro- 

 duftion of the youug pucerons ; the females are properly 

 viviparous, and ufually bring forth live young ; but they 

 fometimes produce only a fort of fcetufes, which are laid 

 in a long feries one befide the other, as the caterpillar eggs 

 are laid by the butterfly ; and they are left to hatch, as 

 it were, afterwards, by the heat of the fun. Phil. Tranf. 

 N° 469. 



Vine or Bine Hop, in Rural Economy, a term often 

 applied to the fhoot of the hop-plant. After picking the 

 hops, it is moftly the befl praftice to tie up the vines, bines, 

 or binds, into fmall bavins while perfeftly dry, in order to 

 preferve them in iome way or other as fuel for different 

 ufes, and to clear the ground for future operations. The 

 work ufually coils about fixpence the hundred. 



VlNE-Pny}, a fort of prefs and vat conftrufted for the 

 purpofe of fqueezlng and receiving the liquor from the 

 grapes, where wine is to be made from them. It may be 

 formed of different fizes, as from fix to nine feet fquare, or 

 more, according to the extent of the vineyard, being made 

 of planks which are about eighteen or twenty inches in 

 breadth, and two and a half or three inches in thicknefs, io 

 fixed to a bottom of the fame kind. Or of greater thicknefs, 

 that they may be capable of being preffed clofe to it, and to 

 one another, at the corners, by the help of polls or lluds, 

 with wedges and levers ; it being caulked, where neceffary, 

 in order to prevent the waile of the liquor. On one fide a 

 fpout is to be placed, on which a wicker baflcet is to be 

 hung during the operation, to flrain the liquor through as it 

 runs into a tub, which is often put half way in the ground, 

 to accommodate it to the height of the vat. When the 

 grapes are gathered, they are thrown into the vat of the 



prefs, 



