V I o 



V I o 



ViNUM Kiperinum. See Vlper-^/W. 



ViNUM Ejffatum, in Chemijlry. See ESSENCE of Wine. 



ViNUM Extemporaneum, a name given by Dr. Shaw and 

 others to a fort of extemporaneous vinous liquor, made 

 without fermentation, from the melafles fpirit, lemons, 

 water, and fugar, in the foUowi-ng manner. Some good 

 found lemons are to be cut in dices, rind and all, and put 

 into a quantity of pure and fine melafles fpirit ; when they 

 have flood in infufion three or four days, the liquor is to be 

 ftrained clear off, and filtered ; and having before prepared 

 a very thin fyrup of the fineft fugar diffolved in fpring-water, 

 the two liquors are to be mixed together. The proportions 

 of this mixture can only be hit by repeated trials ; but when 

 once found, it will be eafy to continue them ; and a vinous 

 liquor will thus be prepared not inferior to many foreign 

 wines. 



VINZELA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Afia, in 

 Galatia, belonging to the Teftofages. Ptolemy. — Alfo, a 

 town of Afia, in Pifidia. Ptolemy. 



VIO, in Biography. See Cajetan. 



Vio, in Geography, a town of Spain, in Aragon ; 1 1 miles 

 N.W. of Ainfi. 



VIOL, Viola, a mufical inftrument, of the fame form 

 with the violin, but larger, and having fix firings ; and 

 ftruck, like that, with a bow. 



The viol played with a bow was very early in favour with 

 the inhabitants of France, and is very different from the 

 •uieUe (wiiich fee), wiiofe tones are produced by the friftion 

 of a wheel, which performs the part of a bow. 



There are viols of divers kinds. The firft. and principal 

 among us is the bafe-viol, called by the Italians I'iola di 

 gamba, or the leg -viol ; becaufe held between the legs. 

 (See Gamba.) It is the largeft of all, and is mounted 

 with fix firings. Its neck is divided in half-notes, by feven 

 frets fixed thereon. Its found is very deep, foft, and 

 agreeable. The tablature, or mufic for the bafe-viol, is 

 laid down on fix lines, or rules. 



What the Italians call alto -viola, is the counter-tenor of 

 this ; and their lenore viola, tlie tenor. They fometimes 

 call it, fimply, the viol: fome authors will have it the lyra, 

 others the cithara, others the chelys, and others the telludo, 

 of the ancients. See Viola. 



2. The love viol, viola ePamore, which is a kind of triple 

 viol, or violin ; having fix brafs or fteel firings, like thofe 

 of thi harpfichord. This yields a kind of filver found, 

 which has fomething in it very agreeable. See Viol 

 li' Amour. 



3. A large viol, with forty-four firings, called by the 

 Italians viola di bardone ; but little known among us. 



4. Fiola bajlarda, or ballard viol of the Italians ; not 



ufed among us. BrofTard takes it to be a kind of bafe-viol, 

 mounted with fix or feven firings, and tuned as the com- 

 mon one. 



5. What the Italians call viola di braccio, arm viol ; or, 

 fimply, braccio, arm ; is an inftrument anfweriug to our 

 counter-tenor, treble, and fifth violin. See Viola. 



6. Their viola prima, or firil viol, is really the counter- 

 tenor violin ; at leaft, thoy commonly ufe the clef c-fol-ul 

 on the firfl line, to denote the piece intended for this in- 

 ftrument. 



7. Viola fecmida is much the fame with our tenor violin ; 

 having the clef of c-fol-ut on the fecond Ime. 



8. Viola terza is nearly our fifth violin ; the clef c-fol-ut 

 on the third line. 



9. Viola quarta, or fourth viol, is not known in England, 

 or France ; though we frequently find it mentioned m the 

 Italian compofitions ; the clef on the fourth line. 



Laftly, their violetta, or little viol, is, in reality, our triple 

 viol ; thougli ftrangers frequently confound the term with 

 what we have faid of the viola prima, fecunda, terza, &c. 



Viol d' Amour, an inftrument played with a bow, like the 

 violin, of which it has the form. The only one we ever 

 examined was many years ago in the hands of Giardini. It 

 had but four ilrings, tuned fifths like thofe of the violin ; 

 but underneath thefe there were four metaUine ftrings of 

 fmall brafs or iron wire, which were called fympathetic 

 ftrings. Thefe were never touched by the bow, but were 

 caufcd to vibrate by the found of the ftrings over them, 

 when played upon by the bow. 



In the Supplement to the firft Encyclopaedia in folio, 

 another viol d'amour is mentioned with twelve ftrings, fix 

 upon the great bridge, and fix upon a fmaller bridge below. 

 The fix inferior ftrings are of metal, and tuned oilaves to 

 the fuperior. 



Viol d' Amour is alfo an inftrument with feven ftrings, in 

 the ftiape of a violin, but larger ; it is played with a bow, 

 but the finger-board is fretted. Its tone is fweet, but more 

 feeble than the violin. 



Viol is a term ufed by mariners, when a hawfer, or 

 ftrand-rope, is bound faft with nippers to the cable, and 

 brought to the jeer-capftan, for the better weighing of the 

 anchor, where the main-capftan proves infufficicnt. 



VIOLA, and Alto Viola, the tenor violin. What the 

 contralto is in vocal mufic, the alto viola is in inftnimental. 

 The lame clef is ufed for both : the tenor on the third line. 

 The inftrumcntal tenor, or viol da braecio, as it is often 

 called by the Italians, from its rcfting on the arm or 

 ftioulder, to diftinguifh it froni the 7110/ da gamba, which 

 refts on the leg, is an odlave above the violoncello, and five 

 notes below the violin. 



Scale of the Tenor. 



c d e f 



4 Open a 



4 Open c f 



:::; — a — ©- 



3S: 



4 Open 



■■OQ_ 



-e— c- 



1 



3C3: 



4th Striiii;. 



3d String. 



3d String. 



ill Siring. 



Thefe, with the femitones, are all the notes that were when quartets, a parti equaVt, came into favour, the tenor 



given to the tenor during the firft fifty years of the laft cen- was made an important inftrument ; and \vhen played by a 



tury, in the concertos of Corelli, Geminiani, and Handel ; Hindmarfti, a Shields, a Stamitz, and by Giardini himfelf, 



.Tud the tenor was the inftrument to which great violinifts was as much and as dcfervcdiy applauded as the violins and 



retreated, when the hand, and perhaps the eyes, failed, violoncello. 



But during the laft fifty years of the preceding century, Vjola, in Botany, the common and well-known Latin 



Vol. XXXVII. 



£e 



