VIOLA. 



tapering at their bafi-, fomewl.at downy. — Native of Si- 

 beria, as well as of the mountains of Switzerland and Savoy, 

 flowering in the fpring. Cultivated by Miller in 1752, but 

 we know not that it exifts at prefcnt in the Englilh col- 

 leAions. This fpecies is rather fmaller than /-''. pedata. 

 Leaves generally as deeply divided, into about five feg- 

 ments, which are either unequally three-cleft, or pinnatifid, 

 as well as jagged, and very narrow ; or, in the variety /3, 

 lanceolate and only fomewhat notched. Their ribs and 

 edges are more or lefs downy. Floivcrs pale blue, with 

 darker veins. Sometimes tl;e leaves are lefs deeply divided, 

 in a pedate manner, with bluntidi lobes ; but this variety 

 does not feeni confined to any particular country. 



5. V. fagiitata. Arrow-leaved Violet. Ait. n. 4. 

 Willd. n. 4. Purfli n. 4. — Downy. Leaves oblong, 

 acute, fomewhat ferrated ; heart- (haped, cut, a little elon- 

 gated, at the bafe. Calyx linear, fmooth. Three lower 

 petals bearded at the bafe On dry hills, from New Eng- 

 land to Virginia. Perennial, flowering from April to .June. 

 Dr. Fothergill imported it from Pennfylvania in 1775. 

 Linnscus confounded this fpecies with his hirta, an European 

 plant, dillinguifhed by its uniformly heart-fliaped, regularly 

 crenate, leaves. The fag'tttata has remarkably elongated 

 leaves, very obfcurely ferrated, except towards the bafe, 

 where they are more or lefs deeply toothed. Flonver-Jlalls, 

 in our fpecimens, much ihortcr than the leaves ; Mr. Purfii 

 fays longer. He defcribes 'Coe Jioivers, which we have not 

 feen frefli, " blue ; lower petal white towards the bottom, 

 with purple veins ; the reft longer, narrower, and white 

 towards the bafe." 



6. V. dentata. Toothed-leaved Violet. Purfh n. 5 



Smooth. I^eaves oblong, acute ; abrupt, dilated, with 

 large afcending teeth, at the bafe. Flower-llalks fliorter 

 than the leaves. Calyx hnear, fmooth. Three lower 



petals bearded at the bafe Native of wet meadows and 



woods in Pennfylvania. Perennial, flowering in May and 

 .lune. Flowers nearly the fame as the laft. Purjh. The 

 leaves are of a haftate figure, two to three inches long, 

 fomewhat fhorter than the preceding. 



7. V. belonlcifaliii. Betony-leaved Violet. — Rather 

 downy. Leaves linear-oblong, obtufe, crenate ; heart- 

 fhaped, and flightly dilated, at the bafe. Flower-ftalks 

 taller than the leaves. Calyx lanceolate, fmooth. Petals 



ill bearded at the bafe Native of New South Wales. 



Dr. lyhite. The root is fomewhat woody, and doubtlefs 

 perennial. Leaves the fi/e of the laft, but (mooth or flightly 

 downy only, regularly crenate throughout ; not toothed, 

 nor much dilated, at the bottom. Stalks generally, but not 

 always, denfely downy for an inch and a half below the 

 ftotuers. Calyx-leaves broader than in tlie two laft. Petals 

 apparently light purple, not much veined. 



8. V. lanceolata. Spear-leaved Violet. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 1323. Willd. n. 5. Ait. n. 5. Puifli n. 6. Forft. Tr. 

 of Linn. Soc. v. fi. 310. — Smooth. Leaves lanceolate, 

 obfcurely crenate ; tapering at the bafe ; rather fhorter 

 than the flower-ftalks. Petals beardlefs. — In overflowed 

 meadows, from Canada to Pennfylvania, flowering in June 

 and .July. Perennial. The leaves are an inch and half 

 long ; their fooljlalks nearly twice as much. Flowers the 

 fize of y.palujlris, white ; three of their petals marked with 

 purple ribs. 



9. V. fujiformis. Tap-rooted Siberian Violet. (V. 

 acauhs, foliis lanceolatis, crenatis, hirfutis ; Gmel. Sib. 

 V. 4. 99. t. 49. f. 2. ) — Leaves ovato-lanceolatc, crenate, 

 downy, longer than their footftalks, much fliorter than the 

 flower-ftalks. Root tap-fliaped. — Native of Siberia, in 

 rather dry places, flowering in autumn. Gmelin. Mr. 



Forfter, in Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. 6. 3K5, has lonp ago 



pointed out this Siberian f^iola as a diftinft fpecies from 

 the North American lanceolata. We have never feen a 

 fpecimcn. The leaves in the figure cited are above an inch 

 long ; the jlower-Jlalks near three inches, with two lanceo- 

 late braSeas, rather above the middle. Flowers larger than 

 the laft, blue or purphfli. 



10. V . microphylla. SmaI14caved Yellow Violet. Poiret 

 in Lam. n. 11. — Leaves ovato-lanceolate, crenate, fomewhat 

 downy, fliorter than their footftalks. Root fcaly. Flower- 

 ftalks taller than the leaves, fmooth, with two awl-fliaped 



brafteas near the top Gathered by Commerfon on hills 



on the Patagonian coaft, in the ftraits of Magellan. Poiret. 

 Leaves feveral, radical, four or five lines long, and three 

 broad. Stipulas two, narrow, membranous at the bafe of 

 each footjlalk. Flowers yellow ; Up twice the fize of the 

 other petals, emarginate, marked witli purple lines, and 

 ending behind in a fliort blunt fpur ; two lateral petals 

 bearded at the bafe. This feems nearly akin to V. magella- 

 nica of Forfter ; fee h. 18. 



11. V . pygmta. Dwarf Linear-leaTcd Violet. Poiret 

 ill Lam. n. 18. — Leaves feflile, linear, entire, fomewhat 

 flefliy, fmooth, rather longer than the flowtr-ftalk. Root 

 tap-ftiaped. — Gathered in Peru, by .Tofeph dc .Tuflleu. A 

 very diftinft fpecies, according to the defcription of Poiret, 

 hardly an inch high, with thick flefliy roots, crowned by 

 tufts of narrow, linear, obtufe leaves, having fcaly, oval, 

 pointed Jlipulas at their b.afe. Flowers fmall, drooping, 

 pale blue, ftriated ; the petals obtufe, fcarcely longer than 

 the (harp, lanceolate, white -edged leaves of the calyx. 



12. V. obliqua. Obhque-flowered Violet. Ait. n. 6. 

 Willd. n. 6. Purfli n. 8. — Smooth. Leaves heart-fliaped, 

 acute, flattifli, acutely crenate, taller than the flower-ftalks. 

 Flowers ereft. Petals obliquely twifted ; the lateral ones 

 narroweft and loiigeft, bearded below the middle — In 

 fliady wet places, from Pennfylvania to Virginia, flowering 

 from April to June. Perennial. Flowers white, with 

 purple and yellow veins. PurJh. Leaves an inch and 

 half long ; their Jlalis twice or thrice as much. Flower- 



Jlalks thread-fliaped, ufually the length of the footftalks. 

 Calyx fmooth. Petals oblong-ovate, ftraw-coloured ; blue 

 at the bafe ; the iippermoft half an inch long, with blue 

 ftreaks, beardlefs ; two lateral ones rather narrower and 

 longer, bearded below their middle ; two lowcft as long as 

 thefe, and rather broader, beardlefs. SolanJer in jiil. 

 H. Kew. 



13. V. cucullata. Hollow-leaved Violet. Ait. n. 7. 

 Willd. n. 7. Purlh n. 10. Curt. Mag. t. 1795. — .Smooth. 

 Leaves hcart-fhaped, acute, ferrated ; involute at the bafe. 

 Petals twifted, obtufe ; the lateral ones bearded at their 

 lower part. — Common in North America, in grafly wet 

 places, flowering in May and .lune. A hardy perennial 

 with us. Root tuberous. Leaves rather larger than onr 

 Sweet Violet, ercft and fmooth, remarkably rolled in .it 

 theip bafe, fo as to form a fort of cup. Flowers alfo larger 

 than in that fpecies, ligiit purplifli-blue, with dark veins ; 

 the centre white. The late Mr. Curtis, as Dr. Sims re- 

 cords, obferved the fpring_y?oii'frj to bear no feed ; though 

 later ones, on very fliort ftalks, without petals, were all 

 prolific. Such is, more or lefs, the cafe with many of this 

 feftion, as well as with the caulefcent V. mirahilis, hereafter 

 dcforibcd. 



14. V. fororia. White-rooted Violet. Willd. Hort. 

 Berol. t. 72. Ait. n. 8. Purfli n. 11.— Leaves hcart- 

 fliaped, crenate, obtufe ; downy beneath. Petali oblong ; 

 the lower one bearded at the bafe. — Found in overflowed 

 meadows of Pennfylvania, and other parts of North 



E e 2 America. 



