VIOLA. 



America. Perennial, flowering from April to June. 

 Floiuers blue, white at tlie bottom ; lower pttal veined. 

 Purjh. This fpecies was fent to Kew garden, in 1802, by 

 the late Mr. Maffon, during his laft botanical expedition to 

 North America. 



i^.W . prlmuUfolia. Cowflip-leaved Violet. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1324. Willd. n. 8. Ait. n. 9. — Smooth. Leaves 

 ovate-heartfhaped, obfcurely crenate, obtufe, running down 

 into the bordered footftalks. Calyx naked. — Native of 

 Pennfylvania and Virginia, flowering in the fpring. We 

 have fpecimens from the late Dr. Muhlenberg, exaftly 

 agreeing vyith thofe of Linnxus. The root feeras to be 

 perennial and creeping. Leaves an incli and half long, 

 on fcotjlalks half as long again, and fometimes flightly 

 downy, fiirnifhed with a narrow, leafy, entire border, gra- 

 dually dilated upwards, till it unites with the leaf; hence 

 the fohage of this plant is compared by Linnsus to that of 

 the Cowflip, not the Primrofe. The Jlowirs are rather fmall, 

 pale flefh-coloured or blueifh ; the lower petal Itrongly and 

 copioully veined with dark purple; the lateral ones bearded 

 at the bafe. Calyx-leaves linear-lanceolate, unequal in 

 breadth, always, as it appears to us, quite fmooth. 



16. V . Jimbriatuld. Fringed Violet. (V. primulifolia ; 

 Pur{h n.9. ) — Leaves heart-fhaped, crenate, fringed, acute, 

 running down into the bordered footftalks ; moft downy 

 beneath. Calyx moftly ciliated. — Sent from North Ame- 

 rica, by Mr. Francis Boott, as the V . primulifol'ta of Purfh, 

 with whofe definition it agrees. That author fpeaks of it 

 as growing on dry hills, from Canada to Virginia; perennial, 

 flowering from April to June. The appearance of this 

 plant is very different from the lafl. Root rather tuberous, 

 not creeping. Leaves more heart-fhaped and acute, fringed, 

 and fomewhat downy on both fides, their length, like that 

 of their bordered footjlalis, about an inch. Flowers nume- 

 rous, blue, thrice the fize of the preceding, with obovate 

 petals, two of which are loofely bearded at the bafe. Calyx- 

 leaves lanceolate, unequal in breadth, diitantly but ftrongly 

 fringed ; occafionally naked. 



17. V. hirta. Hairy Violet. Linn. Sp. PI. 1324. 

 Willd. n.9. Fl. Brit. n. i. Engl. Bot. t. 894. Curt. 

 Lond. fafc. i. t. 64. Fl. Dan. t. 6j8. (V. niartia major 

 hirfuta inodora; Morif. feft. 5. t. 35. f. 4. ) — Leaves heart- 

 fliaped, hairy as well as their footftalks. Calyx-leaves 

 obtufe. Lateral petals marked with a hairy central line. — 

 Native of groves and buihy places, principally on a chalky 

 lime-ftone foil, in various parts of Europe, from Denmark to 

 mount Athos, flowering in April and May. The whole 

 herb is of a hoary green, clothed with foft pubefcence. 

 Stem none, except very ftiort leafy fcyons, which do not 

 throw out roots, but compofe a denfe leafy tuft, lafting 

 many ■j'ears if undifturbed. Flonuer-Jlalks taller than the 

 leaves, fmooth, with a pair of lanceolate fmooth braBeas 

 below their middle. Flou-ers light greyifh-blue, ftreaked 

 with black, fcentlefs. Calyx fmooth. Anthers dittinft. 

 V. campejtris, Marfch. a Bieb. Taurico-Caucaf. v. 1 . 171. 

 may pofiibly be a Iweet-fcented variety of this. 



18. V. magellanka. Magellanic Violet. " Forft. Com- 

 ment. Soc. Goett. V. 6. 4it t, 8." Willd. n. 10 " Stem 



none. Leaves kidney-ihaped, wavy, villous." — Native of 

 boggy fituations, in Terra del Fuego. Perennial. Flower 

 large, yellow, ftreaked with brown veins. Forjier. Per- 

 haps not diftinft from V. microphylla, n. 10. We have not 

 feen either. 



19. V. papilionacea. Butterfly Violet. Pur(h n, 12 



" Leaves triangular-heartftiaped, acute, crenate, fomewhat 

 hooded, nearly fmooth. Flower-ftalks the length of the 

 leaves. Petals obovate : three lower ones converging. 



bearded below the middle ; two upper reflexed." — Near 

 Philadelphia, in wet places. Perennial, flowering in May 

 and June. Flowers blue, elegantly ftriated, bearded with 

 yellow down. PurJh. 



20. V. clandejlina. Subterraneous Violet. Purlh n. 13. 

 (V. rotundifoiia ; Michaux Boreal. -Amer. v. 2. 150? 

 Muhlenb. Cat. 26?) — " Nearly fmooth. Leaves aknoft: 

 orbicular, bluntifli ; heart-fhaped with converging lobes at 

 the bafe ; with blunt glandular ferratures at the margin. 

 Flowers from lateral fhoots. Petals linear, hardly longer 

 than the calyx." — On the high moiuitains of Pennfylvania, 

 in fhady beech woods, among rotten wood and rich vege- 

 table mould. Perennial, flowering from June to September. 

 This fingular fpecies differs from all the reft, in producing 

 its flowers as it were under ground, they being always 

 covered with rotten wood or leaves. They are very fmaU, 

 of a chocolate-brown. The Jeed-veffel buries itfelf ftill 

 deeper in the ground, and is large in proportion to the plant. 

 The inhabitants know it by the name of Heal-all, being ufed 

 by them to cure ail kinds of wounds or fores. PurJh. 



21. v. paluftAs. Marfti Violet. Linn. Sp. PI. 1324. Willd. 

 n. II. Fl. Brit. n. 3. Engl. Bot. t. 444. Abbot Bedf. 190. 

 t. 3. Curt. Lond. fafc. 3. t. 58. Fl. Dan. t. 83. {V. pa- 

 luftris rotundifoiia glabra; Morif. feft. 5. t. 35. f. 5.) — 

 Leaves kidney-fhaped, fmooth. Root creeping. Two la- 

 teral petals bearded. — Native of moffy bogs, in the colder 

 parts of Europe, flowering in April or May. More fre- 

 quent in Scotland, and the north of England, than in the 

 fouth, growing on the moift parts of fandy or turfy heaths. 

 The root is thread-fhaped, rather flefhy, creeping confider- 

 ably. Herb fmooth. Leaves fhining, obfcurely crenate, 

 generally abrupt, or emarginate, often purple beneath, on 



Jlalhs exceeding their own length. Flower-Jlalks longer than 

 the leaves, with a pair of lanceolate bradcas about the middle, 

 not always below thai part. Flowers fcentlefs, fmallerthan 

 the Sweet Violet, of a very pale blue or flefh -colour, ftreaked 

 partly with red, partly with dark purple ; the two lateral 

 petals marked at the lower part with a central downy line. 

 This is a very pretty fpecies, not eafily to be cultivated. 

 Ray's V. rubra ftriata Eboracenfis, Syn. ed. 3. 365, is fcarcely 

 to be deemed a variety. 



22. V . blanda. White-flowered American Violet. "Willd. 

 Hort. Berol. t. 24." Ait. n. 12. Purfh n. 7. — Leaves 

 heart-fhaped, bluntifh, crenate, fmooth. Root creeping. 

 Petals beardlefs. — In wet places, or boggy meadows, from 

 New York to Carolina. Perennial, flowering from April 

 to June. Flowers yellowifh-white ; lower petal marked with 

 blue ftripes and veins. PurJh. Nearly akin to the laft, but the 

 leaves, though variable in acutenefs, are not at all kidney- 

 fhaped. The roots are very flender. Petals marked with 

 fimilar veins to the foregoing fpecies, but they appear not 

 to be hairy in any part. 



23. V. hederacea. Ivy-leaved Violet. Labillard. Nov. 

 Holl. V. I. 66. t. 91. — Leaves heart-fhaped, wavy, nearly 

 fmooth, running down into the flightly bordered footftalks. 

 Root creeping. Flower-ftalks folitary, much taller than the 



leaves. Two lateral petals bearded below the middle 



Found by Labillardiere, at the Cape of Van Diemen. We 

 have the fame, or a very fimilar fpecies, from New South 

 Wales, in which the Jlowers feem to be pale pink, with a 

 purple eye ; the petals obovate, veiny, the lateral ones denfeiy 

 hairy in their lower half. The leaves however are larger, 

 more kidney-fhaped, and more toothed, than in the figure 

 above cited ; but it may be only a luxuriant variety. M. 

 Labillardiere defcribes his with a trailing root, or runners, 

 throwing up here and there folitary tufts of numerous heart- 

 fhaped, or rather kidncy-fliaped, long-ftalked leaves, half an 



iuch 



