VIOLA. 



rounded fpur of the tie^ary, which is extended a little be- 

 yond tliem. Here a material charafter of lonidium fails us. 

 Lateral petals veined, half as long as the fpatulate lip. 

 Capjuk ovate, fmooth. Seeds four in each cell, pale, oval, 

 abrupt, beautifully ftriated longitudinally. 



44. V. enneafperma. Nine-feeded Violet. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 1327. Willd. n. 33, excluding the fynonym of Burmann. 

 ( lonidium enneafpermum ; Venten. Malmaif. under t. 27. 

 I. heterophyllum ; ibid, according to the charafters and 

 fynonym. Viola furrefta maderafpatenfis, lini facie, rotun- 

 dioribus imis foliis ; Pluk. Phyt. t. 120. f. 8. " Nelam- 

 parenda; Rheede Hort. Malab. v. 9. 117. t. 60.") — Stem 

 ereft, much branched from the bottom. I^eaves lanceolate 

 or linear, fomewhat revolute, fmoothifh, (lightly toothed. 

 Calyx-leaves lanceolate, naked. Lower petal twice as long 

 as the reft. — Native of Ceylon, Tranquebar, and Mada- 

 gafcar. The root is long, fimple, woody, perennial. Stems 

 feveral, branched chiefly in the lower part, ereft, fix inches 

 high, angular, fmooth. Leaves rather glaucous, various in 

 length and breadth, ftalked ; the lower ones fhorteft and 

 roundeft ; none more than an inch, or an inch and half, 

 long. Stlpulas minute, awl-fhaped, fpreading, like little 

 prickles. Floiver-JJalhs (horter than the leaves. Flotvers 

 purplifh, very like the laft ; but the calyx-leaves are much 

 narrower and more acute ; lip obovate, not fo abrupt. 

 Seeds only three in each cell, ftriated in the fame manner, 

 but rather larger. Such is the plant of the Linnian her- 

 barium, which muft be n. 317 of Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 149, 

 though its leaves are certainly not quite entire, nor in any 

 fenfe linear ; neither are the Jlipulas wanting. Ventenat 

 rightly finds fault with Willdenow for citing a plant of 

 Burmann's Fl. Zeyl. t. 85, which he alfo cites, more cor- 

 reftly, for Polygala t/ieezaiis ; but the error is Linnaeus's, 

 and Willdenow copies him without examination. V. lint- 

 folia, Poir. in Lam. n. 61, from Madagafcar, has perfcftly 

 linear, very narrow, leaves, but is certainly a mere variety. 



45. V. fuffruticofa. Madder-leaved Violet. Linn. Sp. 

 PL 1327. Fl. Zeyl. n. 318. ijo. Willd. n. 34. (Ru- 

 beola zeylanica, foliis latioribus, ratmul difta ; Burm. Zeyl. 

 208.) — " Stem procumbent. Leaves lanceolate, crowded, 

 fomewhat ferrated. Calyx even at the. bafe." — Native of 

 Ceylon. Herb procumbent, much branched, hard, like 

 Cijius Helianthemum. Leaves acute, fcarce evidently fer- 

 rated, tapering down into footjialks. Stipulas awUfliaped, 

 hardifh, permanent ; hence the plant becomes rough, and in 

 a manner prickly. Flowers as in the laft. Linn, in FL 

 Zeyl. 



We have feen no fpecimen of this. However the Jlipulas 

 may be, the procumbent Jlem feeras the moft ftriking dif- 

 ference between thefe two fpecies. 



46. V. verlicillata. Whorl-leaved Violet. " Ortega 

 Decad. 4. 50." Ait. n. 25. (lonidium polygalsfohum ; 

 Venten. Malmaif. t. 27.) — Stems procumbent. Leaves 

 oppoCte, lanceolate, entire, with lanceolate ftipulas, one- 

 third of their length. Flower-ftalks drooping, as long as 

 the leaves. Corolla without a fpur, nearly equal. — Native 

 of South America. A greenhoufe perennial herbaceous 

 plant, brought from Spain, in 1797, by the late marchionefs 

 of Bute. The inconfpicuous reddifh Jloiuers are produced 

 during fummer. This is related to feveral of the laft- 

 defcribed, inafmuch as the calyx is not extended at the bafe ; 

 but the corolla is alfo nearly, or quite, deftitute of a fpur, 

 without any great difproportion between the kyerdl petals . 

 The oppofite leaves are almoft unparalleled in this genus. 

 They are erroneoufly called whorled, though the large^ipu- 

 las, refembling leaves, give that appearance. The feeds aire 

 imooth, black, twp in each cell. 



47. V. Jiriffa. Stiff Oppofite-leaved Violet. Poiret in 

 Lam. n. 66. (lonidium ftriftum ; Venten. Malmaif. under 

 t. 27.) — "Leaves oppofite, lanceolate, entire. Stipulas 

 very ihort. Flo\^er-ftalks ereft, (horter than the leaves." — 

 Found in Hifpaniola by M. Poiteau. Ventenat. Stems above 

 a foot high. Lea-jes an inch long. Flowers whitilh, with 

 narrow obtufe petals. Poiret. It is faid to be related to 

 Poiret's V. linariafolia, a fpecies concerning which we have 

 not fufficient information. 



48. V. labiofa. Large-lipped Violet Stem ereft. 



Leaves oppofite, linear, revolute, fmooth. Stipulas miiuite. 

 Flowers racemofe. Lower petal obovate, very large, with 



a fliort fpur Sent by Dr. White from New South Wales, 



among the firft fpecimens collefted in that country. This 

 very remarkable fpecies is evidently akin to V. enneafperma 

 and verticiltata, with their allies, but neverthelefs fo dittinft 

 in many important charadlers, that we are at a lofs which 

 to feleit for difcrimination. The flems are from nine to 

 twelve inches high, angular, eredl, rigid, fmooth like the 

 reft of the herbage. Leaves an inch and half or two inches 

 long, very narrow, acute, entire ; tapering at the bafe, fef- 

 file ; fome of the lower ones fcattered, but the greater part 

 oppofite. Stipulas hardly difcernible. Flowering branches 

 like the reft of the ftem in thicknefs, but deftitute of leaves, 

 bearing feveral rather diftant flowers, on (hort, drooping, 

 partial flalks, fo as to conilitute a true clujler. Calyx very 

 fmall ; its leaves lanceolate, acute ; the two lower ones gib- 

 bous at the bafe, clifping the fpur. Four of the petals 

 ovate, pointed, very little longer than the calyx, pale, with 

 dark veins ; the two lateral ones much dilated and rounded 

 at the lower fide: the fifth petal, or Up, is difpropor- 

 tionately large, an inch long, broadly obovate, abrupt or 

 emarginate, veiny, apparently rofe-eoloured ; its claw chan- 

 nelled, the length of the other petals, ending behind in a 

 rounded fpur, extending beyond the bate of the calyx. 

 Capfule ovate, fmooth. Seeds two in each cell, large, or- 

 bicular, black and fmooth, as in V. vertidllata; not fur- 

 rowed, as in enneafperma and buxifoUa. 



49. V. thefiifoim. Toad-flax-leaved Violet. Poiret in 

 Lam. n. 69 Leaves alternate, linear, entire, fmooth, very- 

 long. Stipulas awl-fliaped. Flowers axillary, nearly feflile. 

 — Gathered by Adanfon, in Senegal. Roots (lender. Stem 

 ereft, herbaceous, fcarcely branched, cylindrical, or a little 

 comprefTed, fmooth. Leaves two or three inches, or more, 

 in length, a line or two broad. Stipulas very acute. Flowers 

 very fmall. Calyx-leaves narrow, acute. Petals whitifh, 

 hardly longer than the calyx. Capfule roundifh-oval, ob- 

 tufe. Poiret. 



50. V. longifoUa. Long-leaved Cayenne Violet. Poiret 

 in Lam. n. 68. — Stem Ihrubby. Leaves lanceolate, fer- 

 rated, very fmooth. Flowers foUtary or aggregate, on 

 capillary ftalks, hardly fo long as the awl-fhaped neftary. 

 — Native of Cayenne. Preferved in the herbarium of pro- 

 feflbr Desfontaines. Remarkable for the great fize of its 

 leaves, which are four or five inches long, finely ferrated, and 

 the fmallnefs of its Jowers, which grow on capillary axillary 



Jalis, fix lines at moft in length, either fobtary, or feveral 

 together. The calyx is fmooth, minute. Petals whiti(h, 

 with a ftrajght awl-fhaped fpur, at leaft as long as the 

 (talk. 



We prefume, from Poiret's authority, that this laft 

 fpecies has no pofterior elongation of the calyx, though the 



Jpur is fo confiderable. It may therefore, confidering the 

 leaves, ferve to conned the foregoing fpecies with the 

 following. 



51. V. glutinofa. Clammy Violet. Poiret in Lam. 

 n. 63. (lonidium glutinofum ; Venten. Malmaif. under 



t.27.) 



