VIQLA. 



Floiuer-Jlalks axillary, long, corymbofe, rarely fimple and 

 folitary, each bearing, about the middle, two minute oppo- 

 fite braHeai. Flowers pale yellow, fweet-fcented, not un- 

 like fome fpecies of Impatiens, the iteclary being full an inch 

 long. Two lateral petals much larger than the others. 

 The ftrufture of the parts of fruUification anfwer well to 

 Viola, fo far at leaft as we can examine them. The caly»- 

 haves are, in fome degree, gibbous, or extended at their 

 bafe, though Aublet notices it not. 



59- ^ ■ Jl'pvlaris. Trailing Fringed Violet. Swartz 

 Prodr. 117. Ind. Occ. 1956. Willd. n. 31. {V. per- 

 ficariacfolia-; Poiret in Lam. n. 39.) — Stem creeping, 

 round, fimple. Leaves ovate, crenate, fmooth ; tapering at 

 each end. Stipulas fringed, longer than the footilalks. 

 Flowers folitary, without a fpur. Calyx dilated at the 

 bafc. — fathered by Mr. Francis Mafibn, on a lofty moun- 

 taiii called mount Mifery, in the ifland of St. Kit's. Stem 

 rather Ihrubby, trailing probably to the extent of fcveral 

 feet, fmooth, taking root, and fending up fliort leafy 

 branches, not above an inch long, from each joint. Leaves 

 with their footjlalis an inch and half or two inches long. 

 Stipulas near an inch in length, crowded, ovato-lanceolate, 

 taper-pointed, membranous, deeply fringed with fine, long, 

 capillary teeth. Floiver-Jliilis few, axillary, Dender, (horter 

 than, the leaves, each with two awl-fhaped bradeas above the 

 middle. Calyx-leaves awl-fhaped, long and (lender, gibbous 

 or dilated at the bafe, and apparently longer than the fmall 

 blue corolla, t^o/pur is difcernible. Poiret has taken an 

 inadmiflible liberty, in changing the original name of this 

 fpecies, in compliance with an error of Cavanilles ; fee the 

 following. 



60. V. feto/a. Upright Fringed Violet. (V. ftipu- 

 laris ; Cavan. Ic. v. 6. 21. t. 531. f. 2. Poiret in Lam. 

 II. 38.) — Stem ereft, round, much branched. Leavesovate, 

 acute, ferrated ; unequal at the bafe. Stipulas fringed, 

 longer than the footftalks. Flower-ftalks folitary, twice 



the length of the leaves Native of the neighbourhood of 



Talcahuano, in Chili. Thejlem is (hrubby, a foot high ; we 

 prefume it, from the plate, to be ereft, though nothing is 

 faid by the author upon tliat lubjeft, nor whether the leaves 

 be fmooth, the calyx dilated at the bafe, or the corolla fur- 

 niilied with a fpur. By the figure, the two latter cha- 

 rafters fecm wanting, and the petuls are drawn obovate, the 

 Up being broader, and rather longer, than the reft. The 

 Jliprilas are fringed with long prominent briltles, much like 



the preceding. Cavanilles did not perceive that the foe- 

 cific name he chofe had been long pre-engaged. 



We (hall here introduce lome new fpecies of this author, 

 which, according to the incomplete information alForded by 

 his work, leem naturally to follow what have jnft been de- 

 fcribed ; though fome eifential particulars are neglected, 

 efpeciaUy the ilrufture of the calyx-leaves at their bafe. If 

 the figures be faithful, thefe are not at all dilated beyond 

 their infertion. The figure and defcription of V.philtppica, 

 t. 529. f. 2, are fuch, that we dare not adopt that fpecies 

 at all. 



61. V. rubella. Little Red Violet. Cavan. Ic. v. 6. zo. 

 t. 531. f. I. Poiret in Lam. n.\37 — Stem ereft, (hrubby. 

 Leaves ovate, acute, ferrated. Stipulas (horter than the 

 footftalks, with briftly ferratures. Flower-ftalks folitarv, 

 (horter than the leaves. Spur half as long as the petals. — 

 Native of Chili, flowering in February. This appears to 

 be fmooth, and the Jlem round. Leaves thrice the fize of 

 the laft, obtufe and equal at the bafe, on footftalks an inch 

 long. Stipulas fcarcely half fo long. Flowers reddifh, 

 much like the laft in fize and (hape, except the ncBary, 

 wliich is obtufe, projecting beyond the bafe of the ealyx. 



4 



62. V. maculata, Dotted-leaved Violet. Cavan. Ic. 

 V. 6. 2C. t. 530. (V. pyrolsfolia ; Poiret in Lam. n. 32.) 

 — Stem fimple, ereft. Leaves elliptical, crenate ; acute at 

 each end ; dotted beneath. Stipulas pinnatifid. Flower- 

 ftalks longer than the leaves. — Native of the Falkland 

 niands, flowering in December. This is certainly remark- 

 able in its tribe for having yellow ^sw-tj-. The dots on 

 the leaves occur in fome other fpecies, even in canina, yet 

 furely the name ought not to be arbitrarily changed. The 



ftem is fix inches high. Leaves an inch and ha'f long ; their 

 Jlalhs ftiU longer. Sli[>ulas hardly an inch in length, deeply 

 and copioufty pinnatind. Floiuer-Jlalhs axillary, riling much 

 above the ftem. Flotuers drooping, the fize of V. odorata, 

 but yellow, their fpur projeAing beyond the bafe of the 

 calyx, whofe lanceolate taper-pointed leaves are reprefented 

 a little gibbous at that fide. 



63. V. aduiica. Hooked Violet. — Stems fimple, afcend- 

 ing. Leaves ovate, fomewhat heart -fhaped, obtufe, crenate, 

 dawny, dotted. Stipulas loofely fringed. Flower-ftalks 

 longer than the leaves. Neftary hooked. — Brought by Mr. 

 Menzics from the weft coaft of North America. This 

 fpecies has the fize and habit of V. canina, and thinT flipulas , 



flower fialks, and braHeas are fimilar. The caly;<-leavej too 

 are extended, in like manner, at the bafe. The whole of 

 the herbage is minutely fpeckk-d, as in our laft fpecies, as 

 well as in canina. But the plant is more or lefs downy, and 

 clearly diftinguilhed by the ftrongly recurved form of the 



fpur, which if llraight would be as long as the lip. The 

 two lateral petals are downy at the bafe. Perhaps this 

 fpecies is more akin to canina than to any other, and ought 

 to ftand near it ; at Icaft if the rubella and maculata have no 

 elongation at the bafe of their calyx. 



64. V. tricolor. Panfy Violet, or Heart's-Eafe. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 1326. Willd. n. 24. Ait. n. 26. Fl. Brit. n. 6. 

 Engl. Bot. t. 1287. Curt. Lond. fafc. I. t. 65. Woodv. 

 Suppl. t. 252. Fl. Dan. t. 623. Ger. Em. 854. Re- 

 nealm Spec. 144. t. 140. Rivin. Pentap. Irr. t. 122. 

 Ehrh. PI. 0(F. n. 278. ( V. n. 568 ; Hall. Hift. v. i. 244. 

 Jaccea, five Flos Trinitatis ; Camer. Epit. 912.) 



/S. V. arvenfis ; Murray Prodr. Gotting. 73. Sibth. 

 Oxon. 84. Sym. Syn. 61. (V. bicolor ; Rivin. Pentap. 

 Irr. t. 122. Ehrh. PI. Off. n. 359. Purfli n. 22. V. 

 n. 569; Hall. Hift. V. I. 244. V. tricolor petrsa ; Ger. 

 Em. 854. Jaccea altera ; Camer. Epit. 913. Corn Pan fie ; 

 Pctiv. Herb. Brit. t. 37. f. 9.) 



Stem angular, diffufe, divided. Leaves oblong, deeply 

 crenate. Stipulas lyrate, pinnatifid. Brafteas obfolete — 

 Native of cultivated ground throughout Europe, from 

 Sweden to Greece, as well as in North America, flowering 

 all fummer long. Root annual. Stems more or lefs 

 branched, efpecially from the bottom, angular, moft hairy 

 on one fide, extremely variable in luxuriance, when fimple 

 nearly ereft. Leaves ftalked, ufually ovate, deeply cre- 

 nate ; fometimes more oblong ; and in the more ftarved 

 plants of variety merely undulated. Stipulas always 

 deeply pinnatifid, with narrow tongue-lhaped fegments ; 

 the terminal one very large, ovate, crenate. Flonver-flalks 

 axillary, folitary, firm, longer than the leaves, bearing to- 

 wards the top a pair of extremely minute, clofe-preffed, 

 fcarcely vifible hracleas. Calyx-leaves greatly and unequally 

 dilated at the bafe, lanceolate in front, acute, entire. Petals 

 extremely variable in fize and colour, from the large, 

 fplendid, velvet-like Panfy of the gardens, which if allowed 

 to fow itfelf without attention, foon becomes fcarcely dif- 

 ferent from the wild plant ; to the fmall pale-yellowi(h 

 variety B, whofe ultimate ftate of degeneracy, among the 

 fcoris of mount .^tna, is the V. aetnica erefta bicolor hir- 



futa 



