VIOLA. 



futa minima, of Cupani's Hort. Cath. 130, fent us by- 

 Baron Bivona. In general, however, there are two to- 

 lerably diffinnilar wild varieties, as above indicated ; one with 

 the petals longer than the calyx, the two uppermoft purple ; 

 two lateral w'Tiiiifh, ribbed with purple, hairy at the bafe ; 

 lip yellow, inverfely heart-fhaped, ilreaked with purple, 

 ending behind in a fliort_^ar; the other variety (iS) has 

 petals of a pale yellow, or cream-colour, hardly lo long as 

 the calyx, but little marked with blue. The hairincfs of 

 the calyx, like that of the herbage in general, is certainly 

 variable. 



65. V. p'llofj. Blue Hairy Heart's-Eafe. Donn Cant, 

 ed. 3. 40. ed. 5. jz. (V. hifpida ; Lamarck Franc, v. 2. 

 679. V. rothomagenfis ; Poiret in Lam. n. 45. " Decand. 

 Franc, v. 4. 809." Desfont. Tabl. 178. Sims in Curt. 

 Mag. t. 1498. Ait. Epit. 376.) — Stem angular, zigzag, 

 hairy, diffufe, branched. Leaves ovate, crenate, fringed. 

 Stipulas pinnatifid, fomewhat lyrate. Brafteas lanceolate, 

 toothed at the bafe. — Native of ftony hills near Rouen, as 

 well as in other parts of France, and on the downs near 

 Dunkirk ; perennial, flowering in the ipring. This plant 

 has long been uuiverfally known in our gardens, under the 

 apt name of V. p'llofa, given by- the late Mr. Curtis, who 

 gave us a fpecimen, fo named, from his garden at Lambeth 

 marfh, in May 1781. The date of its introduftion is, 

 therefore, anterior, even to what the late Mr. Donn has're- 

 corded, 1783. We had a fpecimen alfo of the fame as his 

 V. p'llofa, from the Cambridge garden in 1803; and we 

 regret that Dr. Sims has followed lels claflical authority and 

 example, in tlie appellation he has retained, to the dilpa- 

 ragement, though undefigned, of his old friends and our's. 

 The plant in qucflion is not very eafily dillinguifhable, by a 

 definition, from tricolor, though unqueftionatjly a different 

 fpecies. Tht root is perennial. Herb much more hairy. 

 Flowers bright blue, the fide petals and lip itriped with 

 black. Calyx and fpur much like tricolor. Braclras nearer 

 the top of ihe Jloiuer-Jlalks, and much larger, lanceolate, 

 with two very evident teeth on each fide at the bafe. This 

 charafter fccms material, though not yet mentioned. The 

 reader of M. Poiret's defcription may, at firft fight, fuppofe 

 it to have been fotmd out by him, but a flight examina- 

 tion will difcover that author to have written hraHtas for 

 Jlipulas. 



66. V. luka. ^ Yellow Mountain Panfy. Hudf. ed. t. 

 331. FI. Brit. n. 7. Engl. Bot. t. 721. Ait. n. 27. 

 Poiret in Lam. n. 46. " Decand. Franc, v. 4. 809." 

 Great Yellow Panfie ; Petiv. Herb. Brit. t. 37. f. 10. 

 (V. grandiflora; Hudf. ed. 2. 380. Lightf 508. Ait. 

 cd. I. V. 3. 291 ; but not of Linnaeus. V. flore luteo 

 majore ; Rivin. Pentap. Irr. t. 121. V. n. 566 p ; Hall. 

 Hift. v. I. 243.) — Stem triangular, unbranched. Leaves 

 ovate-oblong, crenate, fringed. Stipulas lobed, palmate. 

 BraiSeas minute, fcarcely toothed. Spur the length of the 



calyx This plant is found in graffy mountainous paftures, 



flowcriiigjfrom May to September. It is frequent in fuch 

 fituations, from Sweden, if we miftakc not, (fee Linn. 

 Lapland Tour, v. i. 41.) to Britain, Switzerland, and 

 France. A fpecimen before us, from the fon of the great 

 Hallcr, fhews it to have been confounded, amongil other 

 things, by that author, under his n. 566. The root is pe- 

 rennial. Stem weak and decumbent at the bafe, fcarcely 

 ever branched, three or four inches high, a little downy, 

 cfpecially at one fide, leafy. Leaves ilalked ; the lower- 

 moft fmall, nearly orbicular. Stipulas large, doei>ly cut, 

 their middle fcgmer.ts largell. Flowers one or two, on long 

 folitarv axillary ^(j//'j, riiing high above the leafy top of the 

 ftcm, larger than in the common tricolor, to which their 



calyx is fimilar ; but their fpur is fmaller, not extending be- 

 yond the poilerior lobes of that part. Petals moftly yellow ; 

 the 'two lateral ones, and the lip, Ilreaked with black, and 

 all more or lefs downy at the bafe ; two upper ones fome- 

 times alfo ilreaked with black or purple, or partly fpotted 

 with tlie latter colour; not unfrequently they .are purple all 

 over ; as in Engl. Bot. The Jligma is club-ihaped, hairy, 

 hollow, with a purple line underiieatli. M. Poiret lias fliewn 

 great praclical knowledge in his remarks under this fpecies, 

 adverting to F. grandiflora. We hope to remove his doubts 

 in the next paragraph. 



67. V. grandiflora. Great MouTitain Panfy. Linn. 

 Mant. 120. Willd. n. 25, excluding all the fynonyms. 

 (V. altaica ; Pallas Herb, according to Dr. Sims. " Ker. 

 Bot. Regiil. 54." Sims in Curt. Mag. t. 1776.)— Stem 

 angular, unbranched. Leaves ovate-oblong, crenate. Sti- 

 pulas pinnatifid, fomewhat lyrate. Brafteas minute, fcarcely 

 toothed. Spur twice the length of the hind lobes of the 

 calyx. — Native of Siberia. Pallas is faid to have gathered 

 it on the Altay mountains. The Linnaean fpecimen feems 

 of older date than the difcoveries of this eminent traveller, 

 but has no mark to indicate where it grew. This fpecies is 

 certainly more akin to the preceding than to the following, 

 both wtiich have been confounded with it. The habit and 

 mode of growth agree with F. lutea, but every part is twice 

 as large. T\\z Jltm, weak and decumbent at the bafe, is 

 about a fpan high, fmooth, except a roughnefs on fome of 

 the angles, or at one of the fides. Leaves on longiih llalks ; 

 the upper ones ovate, or ovato-lanceolate, h little hairy, 

 not fringed ; lower orbicular or heart-fliaped, fmooth. Sti- 

 pulas very different from V. lutea, being oblong, pinnatifid 

 in their lower half only, not palmate. Flouoerflalks two or 

 three on each plant, axillary, folitary, eredl, five inches 

 long, rifing high above the (lem. Bratleas an inch or more 

 below the fummit, oppofite, membranous, lanceolate, ex- 

 tremely fmall, with a tooth on each fide at the.bafe. Flowers 

 pale yellow, above twice the fi/e of V. lutea, and of a 

 rounder figure ; their lateral petals hairy at the bafe, and 

 marked, like the lip, with a few black liJies. Calyx much 

 dilated and toothed at its bafe, but not reaching half the 

 length of the fpur, which is cylindrical, rather flcnder, 

 fiightly curved, affording the mod dccifive dillimSion. The 

 fpecimen reprefented in the Bot. Mag. feems to be the top of 

 a plant, with rounder upper leaves than our wild fpecimens 

 exhibit. The flower is unfortunately drawn fo as not to 

 fhew the calyx or fpur, but the defcription aiifwers to our 

 plant, except that the dried petals are not remarkably un- 

 dulated. The Linnxan defcriptiu-n is good, except that 

 ths flem is not branched. Some naked ft'jwer-Jlalks caufed 

 this error. The remark that this and cakarata are the 

 offspring of V. tricolor, is perfetlly Unauthorized. 



68. V. calcarata. Dwarf Mountain Panfy. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1325. Willd. n. 27. Ait. u. 28. (V. n. 566 a; 

 Hall. Hid. V. I. 243. t. 17. f. 1. V. alpina purpurea, 

 exiguis foliis ; Bauh. Pin. 199. Melanium mont.;num ; 

 Dalcch. Hill. 1204.) 



p. V. n. 566 ,?, n. 2 ; Hall. Hill. v. i. 243. (V. PsI- 

 lafii ; Ford. Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. 6. 311. V. montana 

 lutea, fubrotundo crenato folio; Barrel. Ic. \.'.K>c)\, ct V. 

 montana cxrulea tricolor, folio fubrotundo crenato"; ibid, 

 t. 69:.) — Stems quite fimple, hardly fo long .ns the foot- 

 dalks. Leaves ovate, crenate. Stipuhis throe-cleft. 

 Bradicas toothed at the bafe, fimiewhat hadatc. Spur 



thrice as long as the hind lobes of the calyx Native of the 



mountains of Siberia, Aullria, Switzerland, Savoy, and 

 the fouth of France, flowering in July and Auguft. Gene- 

 rally known in gardens by tiie name of grandifcra, at lead 



F r 2 '.! V 



