VIOLA. 



the vai-iety ; which is confounded by Linnseus in his 

 Synonyms with the true grandiflora ; by Haller with htta. 

 M. Poiret juftly obferves, that a fpecific character of the 

 variety jS, when it was announced in Tr. of Linn. Soc. by 

 the name of V. Pallafit, ought to have been given. That 

 name, however, is now fuperfluous, for we are perfeftly 

 fatisfied that no fpeciiic difference exifts between the plant 

 there intended and the original cakarata. The root is pe- 

 rennial, much branched under ground, and creeping ex- 

 tenllvely, each fhoot crowned with a fhort leafy Jlem, much 

 overtopped, not only by the generally folitary jfloiver-Jlalh, 

 but by its own crowded leaves or their ftalks. The leaves 

 are fmaller, thicker, blunter, more glaucous, and more uni- 

 formly orate, than in either of the two laft, with a few, 

 flight and rounded, notches. Stipulas ufually longer than 

 the footjlalis, in three deep fegments, fcarcely more, the 

 middle one obovate, varying in breadth. They are well re- 

 prefented by Barrelier. The herb is often fmooth, occa- 

 lionally more or lefs downy. Flotver-ftalks rifmg high 

 above the leaves, two or three inches long, more or lefs. 

 BraSeas above the middle, lanceolate, with feveral lateral 

 teeth, as if palmate, or hailate. Flower generally light 

 purple, with black lines at the bottom, larger than V. lutea, 

 fometimes parti-coloured hke that ; in /3 almoft the fize of 

 grandiflora, with more remarkable black lines, and either 

 yellow, parti-coloured, or all over violetf The calyx in both 

 varieties is elongated, dilated, and toothed, at the bafe. 

 Spur long, flender, cylindrical, flightly curved. HaUer's 

 figure is charafteriftic, but (hews no part with critical pre- 

 cifion. We have endeavoured to be explicit on the fubjeA 

 of the three lall (pecies, as no plants have been lefs under- 

 ftood. 



69. V. Zci/(. Dwarf Carinthian Panfy. Wulf. in 

 Jacq. Coll. V. 4. 297. t. II. f. 1. Willd. n. 26, exclud- 

 ing the fynonym — Stems quite (imple, hardly fo long as 

 the footllalks. Leaves ovate, crenate, fmooth. Stipulas 

 elhptic-lanceolate, undivided, nearly entire. Bradeas toothed 

 at the bafe. Spur thrice as long as the hind lobes of the 

 calyx — Native of the mountains of Carniola and Carinthia, 

 communicated by Mr. Sieber. Wulfen received it from the 

 Baron de Zoys, whom he commemorates in the name. His 

 defcription and figure are complete, except that we cannot 

 account for his citing, without fcruple, t. 691 of Barrelier. 

 M. Poiret makes V. Zoyfii a variety of calcarata ; but they 

 are clearly diftinguifhed by their Jlipubs, which in the pre- 

 fent are always oval, never lobcd, though in one or two in- 

 ftances we find a flight lateral notch. The plant moreover 

 is fmaller, more perfeftly fmooth, green, not at all glaucous. 

 Flotuer-jlalhs two or three inches high, angular. Bradeas 

 minute. Petals large, yellow, with black hues at the bot- 

 tom ; fometimes partly tinged with blue. Spur afcending, 

 rather thicker than in calcarata, and not quite fo long. 

 Wulfen might well be puzzled with the determination of 

 this plant, grandijlora, &c. 



70. V. cenifia. Violet of Mount Cenis. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 1325. WiUd. n. 16. Ait. n. 17. Allion. Pedem. v. 2. 

 98. t. 22. f. 6. Spec. 14. t. 3. f. 4. Poiret in Lamarck 

 n. 26. (V. n. 565 ; Hall. Hilt. v. i. 242.) 



/S. Poiret ibid. (V. valderia ; Alhon. Pedem. v. 2. 98. 

 t. 24. f. 3.) — Stems fimple, procumbent. Leaves ovate, 

 entire. Stipulas obovate, ftalked, undivided, unequal. 



Spur thrice as long as the hind lobes of the calyx Native 



of the hill called Ronce, above the hofpital on Mount Cenis, 

 where we gathered fpecimens, with Dr. Bellardi, in Auguft 

 1787. It alfo grows on the alps of Savoy and Switzerland. 

 The roots are creeping. The whole plant bears a refem- 

 fclance to F. cakarata and its aUies, but has decumbent 



Jlems, two or three inches long ; fleftiy entire leavis, either 

 fmooth, or rough with fhort reflexed hairs ; and very dif- 

 ferent Jlipulas, on long ftalks. Floiuers nearly the ufual 

 fize of calcarata, blue. BraBeas fmall, hardly toothed. 

 V. valderia is furely a moft trifling variety. The leaves are 

 falfely defcribed fmuated ; and the Jlems are not more ereft 

 than in the original cenifia. 



71. V. arenaria. Sand Violet. Poiret in Lam. n. 25. 

 " Decand. Franc, v. 4. 806." — " Stems fimple, diffufe, 

 fomewhat downy. Leaves roundifh-heartfhaped, fmoothilh, 

 flightly crenate. Stipulas lanceolate, toothed. Calyx. 

 acute." — Native of fandy places, in the Lower Valais. 

 Root fcaly at the crown, fending out two or three fpreading 



fiems, two or three inches long. Flotuer-Jlalks three or four 

 times as long as the leaves. Flowers pale blue, or whitifli, 

 with a thick obtufe fpur. Bradeas linear, acute, four or 

 five lines long, about an inch below the flower. Decandolle. 

 Poiret. 



72. V. minuta. Minute Bafil-leaved Violet. Marfch. a 

 Bieberft. Fl. Taur.-Cauc. v. 1. 173. (V. orientalis mi- 

 nima, ocymi folio; Tourn. Cor. 30?) — "Stems fimple, 

 ilaccid, fingle-flowered. Leaves roundifh, crenate, nearly 

 fmooth. Stipulas ovate, entire." — Native of the Georgian 

 region of Mount Caucafus. Root apparently creeping. 

 Stems as long as the finger-nail. Leaves only two or three 

 lines in length and breadth, broadly but flightly crenate. 

 Footjialks about as long. Stipulas rough with hairs at the 

 edges. Flower the fize and fliape of V. odorata, with a 



fpur the length of the petals. Bradeas remote, very minute. 

 Akin perhaps to V. cenifia and alpina. Marfch. a Bieberjl. 

 It may poflibly be more related to the following, though 

 the Jlipulas do not agree. 



73. V. nummularfolia. Money-wort-leaved Violet. Al- 

 hon. Pedem. v. 2. 98. t. 9. f. 4. Willd. n. 15. (V. 

 alpina minima, nummularix folio ; Bocc. Muf. 163. t. 127.) 

 — Stems tufted, fimple. Leaves orbicular-heartfhaped, 

 nearly entire, fmooth. Stipulas lanceolate, membranous, 

 three-cleft. Spur rounded, rather longer than the dilated 

 bafe of the calyx. — Native of the rocks of Corfica, Dau- 

 phiny, and Piedmont. The long, flender, branching roots 

 divide at the top into tufts of httle, fmooth, leafy Jlems, 

 ereft or decumbent, not branched. Leaves flelhy, a quarter 

 of an inch in length and breadth, obtufe, occafionally cre- 

 nate, on flender Jlalks about twice as long. Stipulas half 

 or quarter the length of the Jootjlalhs, feffile, unconnefted 

 with them, pale, acute, with one or two taper teeth at each 

 fide. Floiuers blue, rather fmaller than V. odorata, not 

 unlike that fpecies in fhape. Very diftinA from V. cenifia, 



74. V. alpina. Alpine Radical Violet. Jacq. Obf. 

 part 1. 21. t. II. Fl. Auftr. v. 3. 24. t. 242. Poiret 

 in Lam. n. 15. (V. montana fecunda ; Cluf. Hift. v. 1. 

 309.) — Stem fcarcely any. Leaves nearly radical, orbi- 

 cular-heartlhaped, flightly crenate, nearly fmooth. Stipulas 

 lanceolate, membranous, entire, united to the bafe of the 

 long footftalks. Spur rounded, twice as long as the dilated 

 bafe of the calyx. — Native of the fummits of the loftieft 

 mountains of Auftria, flowering in July and Auguft. Mr. 

 Sieber, to whom we are obliged for wild fpecimens, exaftly 

 agreeing with fome from Jacquin, juftly obferves, that bo- 

 tanifts in general have unaccountably neglefted this fpecies. 

 It is not to be found in Linnaeus, Murray, nor WiUdenow ; 

 yet none can be more diftinft. It ought perhaps to ftand 

 in the firft feAion, as having much lefs of 3. Jlem than fome 

 which are placed there ; but its affinity to feveral we have 

 juft defcribed is fo great, that it more naturally ranges with 

 the Panfy tribe, of which it has the large concave obUque 



Jligma. Tht Jlipulas, being laterally united to the footjalis, 



like 



