VITIS. 



round well-ripened wood. If there are three (hoots, the 

 remaining two (hould be cut fo as to leave only two full 

 eyes upon each, which (liould be trained at length, as before 

 direfted, to produce fine wood for the next year. The 

 flioot which was trained the preceding year (hould then be 

 cut down, leaving only two ilrong eves to produce wood 

 for the following year ; and fo on every year, cutting the 

 branches alternately : by this means the walls always may 

 be kept covered with fine healthy bearing wood, and a great 

 deal of time be faved in furnilhing hot-houfes, vineries, and 

 other places. It is remarked, that this method of laying is 

 praftifed with great fuccefs by many nurferymen in the 

 neighbourhood of London. 



In producing of vines by grafting, choice (hould be 

 made of cuttings for grafts, or fcyons, from the beft-bearing 

 branches of the forts intended to be propagated at the feafon 

 of pruning. In general, the bottom part of the laft year's 

 (hoot is to be preferred ; but in well-ripened vigorous wood, 

 any part of the (hoot will anfwer, provided it be not too 

 long jointed. Thefe cuttings fiiould be preferved in pots 

 lilled with light fandy earth till the time of grafting. 



The periods for performing the operation are different ac- 

 cording to the vines ; for thofe in the pine ftove, the begin- 

 ning of January may be proper, but the middle of March 

 for thofe growing in the open air. In general, they (hould 

 be gjrafted about three weeks before they begin to break 

 into bud. And upon fmall (locks not more than an inch in 

 diameter, cleft -grafting is the mod proper ; but upon larger 

 ftocks, whip-grafting is to be preferred. In both methods, 

 care fliould be taken in fitting the (lock and fcyon together, 

 and the operation (hould be performed with great exaftnefs ; 

 faftening them together with bafs matting, and covering them 

 with clay in the ufual way. After the operation, the fcyon 

 will fometimes begin to pu(h in a few weeks, but it fre- 

 quently remains dormant two or three months ; during tliis 

 period the (lock mud be dripped of all its (hoots as foon 

 as they appear ; and to preferve the fcyon in a vegetative 

 (late, the clay mud be kept moderately moid by wrapping 

 wet mofs round it, and by keeping the mofs condantly 

 fprinkled with water. And when it has made (hoots five 

 or fix inches long, the clay and bandage mud be carefully 

 taken off. 



The method of grafting by approach is advifed by fomc, 

 however, as the beft mode of raifiiig vines. In this cafe, it 

 is neceffary to have the plant intended to be propagated in a 

 pot. Strong plants that have been two or three years in 

 pots are to be preferred ; but plants from the nurfery may 

 be potted, and grafted in the fame feafon, if brought into a 

 hot-houfe or vinery. It is fuggeded that fine grapes and 

 good wood may be obtained even the fird feafon by any of 

 thefe methods, but particularly by the lad ; in which it is 

 evident the graft has a double fupport, as from the dock 

 and the plant in the pot. 



In this fort of grafting, the clay and bandage (hould re- 

 main two or three months after the graft has formed an 

 union ; for if it be taken off fooner, the graft will be very 

 liable to fpring from the (lock. The pot ftiould be plen- 

 tifully fupphed with water till the month of Augud, when 

 the graft (hould be feparated from the plant in the pot. 

 Two or three inches of wood below the bottom of the graft 

 may be left, but (liould be taken clean od at the next 

 pruning in winter. 



Tlie Syrian vine is recommended as the mod proper for 

 docks, and plants of this fort raifed from feeds are greatly 

 preferable for this purpofe to plants cither raifed from layers 

 or cuttings. See Gkafting. 



The principal advantages of the grafting mode of raifing 

 vines are ; that if a wall diould have been planted witfi bad 

 kinds, indead of dubbing them up, and making a new 

 border, by which feveral years mud elapfe before the wall 

 can again be completely filled ; in this way their nature 

 may be changed immediately, as good grapes mav be ob- 

 tained from the fame year's graft ; and in a hot-houfe the 

 grafts, if permitted, will frequently (hoot thirty or forty 

 feet the fird fummer ; that in fmall vineries or frames, 

 where great variety could not be had in the common way, 

 it may be procured by this means on the fame plant ; and 

 that of the improvement of the various kinds, particularly 

 the fmall ones, which generally make weak wood. The 

 method by inoculation may likewife have advantages in 

 fome cafes of a fimilar kind. 



When any of the vines that have been raifed from feed 

 do not prove of a good flavour, they are proper for grafting 

 or inarching the finer forts of vines on ; for, as the coarfer 

 forts grow more vigoroufly than the finer, they are on that 

 account more fit for grafting or inarching. 



Vines will grow in almod any fort of foil, but fucceed 

 the mod perfeftly in thofe of the good dry, loamy kind, 

 and where there is a mixture of calcareous materials, or in 

 thofe of other quahties which are dry and rich. However, 

 where the land is of a wet retentive nature, or of the (bong, 

 difF, clayey quality, it is quite improper for the growing of 

 thefe kinds of plants, as though they may luxuriate drongly, 

 they will produce an ill-flavoured four fruit ; and the notion 

 of many gardeners of placing a layer or bed of dones, 

 bricks, hme rubbi(h, or other fimilar materials, below their 

 roots, in the view of checking their downward diredlion, 

 and the over-luxuriance of the plants, thereby rendering 

 them more fruitful, and promoting the ripening and flavour, 

 though it may, in fome meafure, anfwer the purpoie in 

 particular indances, it is liable to dunt the growth of the 

 trees, and caufethe fruit to be fmall and of little value. 



It is further remarked, that the bed manure for vines is 

 a mixture of vegetable mould, rotten fpit-dung, and fre(h 

 loam (turf and all) ; this (hould be thrown in a heap, and 

 frequently turned, for a year or two before it is made ufe of. 



In regard to the proper (ituations for vines, they (hould 

 condantly have a fouthern cxpofure as full to the influence 

 of the fun as pofiible, never varying from the full fouth, or a 

 very little to the fouth-wed, as in this climate, this is necef- 

 fary in order to the ripening and flavour of the fruit. In 

 gardens they are ufually trained againd walls, or other 

 ereftions of a fimilar nature ; but in vineyards and other 

 open places, againd treillagcs, dakes, and other fimilar 

 works, formed in rows on the fouth fides of them, where 

 pofiible, choofing a rifing ground for the purpofe. 



For final planting out in thefe fituations, ready-raifcd 

 plants of two, three, or more years' growth, procured in 

 fome of the above modes, are modly ufed, being tranfplanted 

 from the nurfery. But in order to form bearers as foon as 

 polTible, ready-raifed plants of the dillerent varieties may 

 be had at the public nurfery-grounds in general, of a proper 

 plantable fize, and for immediate bearing, either in gmid- 

 rooted plants in the full ground, or in pots fit for being 

 planted out with balls of earth about them. 



l"he proper feafon for performing the work of planting 

 them out is the early autumn, or the very early fpring 

 months. The bufinefs (hould be done according to the 

 nature and height of the material againd which they are to 

 be trained, in regard to the didance, and other circiim- 

 ftances : thofe againd efpaliers and dakes may be planted 

 either together or in mixture with other kinds of fruit-trees, 

 Oo 2 iu 



