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unites with them, and makes them fet the iron loofe ; which 

 thereupon revivifies, and refumes its natural blacknefs : fo 

 that in ftriftnefs we write with the iron. 



In the Swedifh Tranfa6tions, vitriol is recommended as a 

 yellow for houfe-painting : quicklime, made into a pafte 

 with water, is to be diluted with a folution of vitriol, more 

 gr lefs, according as the colour is required deeper or lighter :• 

 the mixture appears of a blueifh-green colour, and does not 

 become yellow till it is dry. One part of vitriol is faid to 

 go as far as two of the dearer yellow ochre. This fait is 

 alfo recommended for preferving wood, as particularly the 

 wheels of carriages, from decay : when all the pieces are fit 

 to be joined together, they are direfted to be boiled in a fo- 

 lution of vitriol for three or four hours, and then kept for 

 fome days in a warm place to dry. It is faid that wood by 

 this preparation becomes fo hard and compadt, that moifture 

 cannot penetrate it. For the ufe of vitriol in agriculture, 

 ^e Sulphate of Iron. See on the fubjeft of the preceding 

 articles, Neumann's Chem. Works, by Lewis, p. 173, &c. 

 Watfon's Chem. Eff. vol. i. eff. 6. Lewis's Mat. Med. 

 art. Vitrwhm. Bergman's Eff. vol. i. p. 180, &c. Kir- 

 wan's Elem. of Mineral, p. 189, &c. 



Vitriols, Metallic. All metals, it is to be obferved, may 

 be converted into vitriols, by diffolving them with acid 

 fpirits, and letting them ftand to cryilallize. 



FaSitkus vitriols, being only metals diflblved and cryftal- 

 lized in faline menftruums, are frequently called, by way of 

 diftinction, metallic vitriols, znA metallic falls . 



Vitriol of Ccbali is found native in fmall pieces, mixed 

 with a greenifh elHorefcence, in cobalt mines : it is difficultly 

 foluble in water ; and both it and its folution aie red, which 

 fufficiently diftinguifhes its bafis. Its acid is known by the 

 fame tafte as that of the other vitriols. 



Vitriol of Iron, Vitriclum Martis, is a preparation made 

 by diffolving iron, or fteel, in oil or fpirit of vitriol ; then eva- 

 porating or drawing off the moifture, and bringing the mat- 

 ter to cryftallize, by fetting it in a cool place. This is alfo 

 called yi/ martis, or fait of fleel. 



Vitriol of Lead. See Lead. 



Vitriol of Luna, or the Moon, is the name g;\-en to a 

 fait with a metallic bafis, called alfo Vitriol of Silver ; 

 which fee. 



Vitriol of Nickel is found native, eiBorefcing on kupfer- 

 nickel, and generally mixed with vitriol of iron. This is 

 difficultly foluble in water : both it and its folution are of a 

 green colour. See Nickel. 



Vitriol of Quiclfilver, the name of a chemical prepara- 

 tion of quickfilver, with acid fpirits, the procefs of whiuh is 

 this : let fo rich a folution of quickfilver be made in fpirit of 

 nitre, or aqua fortis, that no more can be contained ; let this 

 folution be made by the affiftance of heat, and the liquor im- 

 mediately afterwards poured off into a clean and cold glafs. 

 There will, on this, fpontaneoudy fhoot on the bottom of 

 the glafs a faline, white, tranfparent matter, from which the 

 liquor being poured, it is found to be a (harp, moift, faline 

 fubftance, or true vitriol of mercury, foluble in water, and 

 not fafe to be touched. If the liquor, poured off from this, 

 be evaporated half way, and the remainder fet in a cool 

 place, more cryftals of the fame nature with the firft will 

 fhoot. 



Another method of making the vitriol of mercury is this : 

 reduce to powder forae decrepitated fea-falt, and with two 

 parts of this mix one part of crude mercury ; diftil the whole 

 in a glafs body, with a ftrong fire continued five or fix hours ; 

 when the veffels are cold, break them, and there will be found 

 a folid dry mercury, fublimed to the top and fides of the 



7 



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body, in form of vitriol. Nay, Boerhaave affirms, that the 

 common mercury fublimate is a true vitriol of mercury, 

 though femi-volatile. Boerh. Chem. part ii. p. 301. 



Vitriol of quickfilver is alfo a name given to a fait of mer- 

 cury, mineralized by vitriolic acid, fiift difcovered by Mr. 

 Woulfe, together with the marine fait of mercury, at Ober- 

 mofchel, in the duchy of Deux-Ponts : they have a fpar- 

 like appearance, and are either bright and white, or yellow 

 or black, mixed with cinnabar in a Itcny matrix : thefe well 

 mixed with one-third of their weight of vegetable alkali, 

 afforded him cubic and oftagonal cryftals, that is, fait of 

 Sylvius, and tartar vitriol. Phil. Tranf. vol. Ixvi. part ii. 

 p. 618. 



Vitriol of Venus is a folution of copper in fpirit of 

 nitre, evaporated and cryftalhzed, to gain the fait ; called 

 alfo vitriol of copper. 



Vitriol, Liquamen, or Wqfh of, is a name given to the 

 ochrey matter remaining after fucceffive evaporations of the 

 mother of vitriol, which yields no more vitriol. Its tafte is 

 acrid and fiery, and the quantity left from a gallon of the 

 welJ-impregnated liquor from the bed is about a pound. 

 From this may be procured a white pungent fait, by fubfe- 

 quent evaporations. This is the fahne principle of vitriol, 

 according to the chemifts, and is contained in fo large a 

 quantity, that nearly thirteen ounces of it may be feparated 

 from a pound of the liquor ; the remaining liquor, after 

 this, is what is called liquamen vitrioli by fome chemifts, but 

 not properly. It will never coagulate into fait, but is very 

 fiery and acrid to the tafte, and extremely ponderous, not 

 lefs fo than oil of vitriol, nor lefs pungent ; and is the 

 ilrongeft liquor any way obtained from a natural fubftance 

 without diftillation. This liquor being expofed to the air 

 in a veffel not clofed, will in a little t'lne attraft double its 

 weight of water from it. All corrofive and faline hquors 

 have fomewhat of this property of imbibing moilture from 

 the air, and weakening themfelves by it ; but this liquor 

 attrafts it fafter and in greater quantity than any other. 

 This liquor receives moft moifture, and increafes moft 

 quickly in wet weather, lefs fo in dry ; and this may have 

 given occafion to that error fo common among uninformed 

 chemifts, that feveral preparations of vitriol derive moifture 

 from the moon, and have more or lefs of it, according to her 

 different phafes. The changes of the conttitution of 

 the air have effefted what, in this cafe, they fuppofed 

 to be done by the different phafes of the moon. Phil. 

 Tranf. No. 103. 



Vitriol, Mother of. See Vitriol, in Chemijlry, fupra. 



Vitriol, Oil of. See Vitriolic y^cij, infra, and Sul- 

 phuric y4cid. 



Vitrioli, Ros. See Ros. 



Vitriol, Saline Principle of. See Saline Principle. 



Vitriol, Spirit of. See Sulphuric yicid. 



VITRIOLATED, among Chemijls, turned into vitriol, 

 or having vitriol infufed in it. 



Vitriolated Iron. See Sulphate o/"/ro«, and Iron. 



ViTiuoLATED Kali. See Sulph.a.te of Pola/b. 



Vitriol.\ted Magnefia. Sec Sulphate of Magnefia. 



ViT.tiOLATED Natron. See Sulphate of Soda. 



Vitriolated Tartar. See Tartar, Vitriolated. 



Vitriolated Zinc. See Sulphate ofZisc. 



VITRIOLIC, fomething that has the quality of vitriol, 

 or that partakes of the nature of vitriol. 



Vir uoLic j^cid. (See Sulphuric ^c/V.) This acid, 

 when firft prepared by art, was diftilled from dried fulphate 

 of iron, or the common green vitriol, or copperas of com- 

 merce : it is ftill prepared in Saxony, and many other parts 



of 



