V I V 



cfieemed for thefc qualities by the Chincfc, who puichafc it 

 of the Malays. Of this fpecies there are fome varieties. 



For other fpecies of weafel, we refer to Mustela and 

 Weasel. 



VIVES, a difeafe of the glandular kind among animals, 

 efpeciaUy tho-fe of the horfe kind. In it there is an inflam- 

 mation of the glands under the ear, which produces a fwell- 

 ing, that gradually enlarges and forms a tumour, that 

 fometim^s terminates in fuppuration. It is occafionally ac- 

 companied with a flight fever, but not conftantly. It is 

 moftly caufed by cold and other circumftances which have 

 a tendency to produce inflammation. 



In thefe cafes, when the inflammatory appearances and 

 fever are moderate, the fize of the tumour not large, but 

 after fuppurating difcharges itfelf externa'ly, there is little 

 danger ; while on the contrary, when the inflammation is 

 more deeply featcd, and the fvvelling breaks and difcharges its 

 contents internally, there is more danger to be apprehended. 



In the removal of the difeafe, where the appearances of the 

 fever and inflammation are rather high, it may fometimes be 

 neceflary to take away a little blood, as a pint or two, or 

 more, according to the iize of the animal, keeping the 

 bowels properly open by the ufe of fuitable food and clyf- 

 ters ; and at the fame time, the inflamed and fwelled 

 gland or part has a fomentation or wafh of Goulard's water 

 and camphorated fpirit frequently applied to it, by moans of 

 a cloth of the flannel or other kind ; or, in iome cafes, 

 where there is a tendency to fuppuration, a bran or linfeed 

 poultice made up with the fame water may be more eft'ec- 

 tual. A powder compofed of nitre and aniteed, in the quan- 

 tity of an ounce or an ounce and a half of each, may like- 

 wife be given at night in a quart of oatmeal gruel. 



In cafe matter be formed, and it can be plainly felt by 

 the gentle preffure of the finger upon the part, the tumour 

 may be opened with a lancet in the moil depending part, 

 wliich will prevent any ulceration of the (kin. In cafes 

 where the tumours have been very large, a feton is fome- 

 times introduced, in order to fupport the difcharge until 

 the cavity which contained the matter be filled up. In this 

 cafe, the fomentation need only be continued a few days 

 afterwards, when the wound n\ay be dreifed with common 

 digellive ointment fpread upon lint. As the wound begins 

 to heal, the feton may be withdrawn. 



Where the tumours break inwardly, the animals may 

 often be greatly benefited by breathing occafionally for fome 

 time through a nofe-bag of fcalded bran. 



When the animals do not recover their fl:rength in a 

 proper manner, but become weaker and weaker in confe- 

 quence of the difcharges from the opened tumours, bark of 

 the oak or other fimilar kinds fliould be given in large 

 quantities, with opium, and aromatic feeds in fine powder, 

 for fome length of time. 



In the more early ftages of the difeafe, the animals fiiould 

 have malhes of bran and oatmeal, with warm water or thin 

 gruel often given them, and in cafe the maflies (hould be 

 refufed, the gruel fliould be more frequently given. And 

 in the latter, when their ftrength will permit, they fliould 

 have walking exercife daily, and be well taken care of in 

 their whole management. 



While the tumours tend towards fuppuration, it is often 

 ufeful and neceflary to keep them warmly covered about 

 the heads and necks, but in other cafes this may fometimes 

 be hurtful. 



When their ftrength is fuUv rellored, a dofe or two of 

 calomel is often beneficial in completely removing all danger 

 ->f the complaint. 

 Vjves, Joannes Ludovicus, in Biography, was born at 



10 



V 1 V 



Valencia in Spain in 1492, and having laid the foundation of 

 literature in his own country, went to Paris, where he fl.udied 

 the falhionable fcholaftic philofophy, which he afterwards 

 condemned. From Paris he removed to Louvaiu, devoting 

 himfelf there to the ftudy of Greek and Latin literature, and 

 pubhflting a work intitled " Contra Pfeudo-Dialefticos." 

 In this univerfity he became profeflbr of belles-lettres, and 

 acquired a degree of reputation which caufed him to be 

 chofen preceptor to William de Croy, afterwards cardinal. 

 He alfo ftudied divinity, and wrote a commentary on St. 

 Auguftine's book " De Civitate Dei," which he dedicated, 

 in 1522, to Henry VIII. king of England. In confequence 

 of this work he received an invitation, in 1523, to undertake 

 the inllrudlion of the princefs Mary, which he accepted. 

 During his refidence in England, he compofed for the ufe 

 of his pupil a tracl, " De Ratione ftudii puerilis," and by 

 command of queen Catharine, his treatife " De Inft.itutione 

 Foeminx Chriftiana?." At Oxford, where he fpent much 

 of his time, lie read leftures on law and alfo in the claflics, 

 and was admitted to the degree of D.LL. Vives forfeited 

 the king's regard by oppofing in converfation and writing 

 the divorce of queen Catharine, and was alfo confined for 

 ;ix months in prifon. As foon as he was at hberty he left 

 England, ami fettled at Bruges, where he married. He was 

 highly efteemed by his contemporaries among men of literature ; 

 and fo high was his reputation, that he was popularly named 

 with Erafmus and Budreus, as one of the triumvirate at the 

 head of literature at that period. From an epitaph it is in- 

 ferred that lie died after he had completed his 48th year. His 

 works were both various and numerous. In divinity, his 

 treatife " De Veritate Fidei Chriftianse," in five books, is re- 

 prefented by Dupin as a learned and judicious performance. 

 His Commentary on St. Auguftine difplays much erudition, 

 but the Louvain doftors ccnfured fome paflages as too bold 

 and free, and in their edition of the commentary they were 

 omitted. Dupin is of opinion that his other theological and 

 devotional writings difplay more of the orator than of the 

 divine ; and that Erafmus excelled him in judgment. The 

 principal of his grammatical and critical works were his 

 " Exercitatio Lingus Latinas ;" " De Corruptis Arti- 

 bus ;" " De tradcndis difciplinis." Brucker fays of thefe 

 works ; " they difcover great ftrength of judgment, an ex- 

 tenfive knowledge of philofophy, much enlargement of con- 

 ception, uncommon fagacity in detefting the errors of an- 

 cient and modern philofophers, particularly of Ariftotle and 

 his followers, and, in fine, a mind capable of attempting 

 things beyond the ftandard of the age in which he lived." 

 The works of Vives were printed coUeAively in 2 vols. fol. 

 at Bafil in 1555. Dupin. Ivloreri. Brucker by Enfield. 

 VIVIANI, VixcENTio, an eminent mathematician, was 

 born of noble parents, at Florence, in the year 1622. 

 Manifefting at an early period his genius for mathema- 

 tics, he was recommended by Ferdinand II., grand duke 

 of Tufcany, to Galileo, under whofe tuition he made 

 very rapid progrefs in geometry and the new philofophy. 

 After his death, lie was invited by Torricelh to afliil him in 

 his experiments on the barometer. But he was chiefly de- 

 voted to the ftudy of geometry, and his attention was par- 

 ticularly directed to the ancient geometricians. His firft 

 objeft, at the age of 23 years, was to fupply the laft work 

 of a contemporary of Euclid, " De Locis Solidis ;" and he 

 then proceeded to accomplifli the fame defign with regard 

 to the " Conies of ApoUoaius ;" for an account of which 

 we refer to the article Apollonius. Vivlani projefted the 

 reftoration of the 5th book ; with this view he profecuted 

 his labour with great diligence, and in the year 1 659 pub- 

 liihed his divination of ApoUonius. When this work was 



afterwards 



