ULMUS. 



cioubly ferrated, rough on both fides ; moft downy beneatli, 

 efpecially at the axillary glands of their veins : their length 

 is from one to two inches, fcarcely more. Footjlalks {hort. 

 Flowers from feparate, much more early, buds, in numerous, 

 denfe, round tufts, almoft feffile, with oblong fringed 

 IraBens. Calyx light red, in four ovate, obtufe, equal, 

 fringed fegments. Stamens four, oppofite to each fegment, 

 fmooth, with large purple anthers. Stigmas downy alonj 

 tlieir upper edge ; at length dilated at the other, incurved, 

 and running down into the membranous fmooth wings of the 

 capfuk, whofe oblong wedge-hke fhape eiTentialiy diftin- 



guifhes this fpecies from the next Whether this be 



Schkuhr's U. ietrandra, we have no means of knowing. 

 It is ccrt:inly very erroneoufly combined with fubenyfa in 

 Hort. Kew. Linn;eus doubtlefs confounded it with mon- 

 tana ; but the latter name having been long eftablilhed, v.e 

 prefer retaining campejlris for the prefent fpecies, authors 

 having made fo many niiftakes, that no name can be chofen 

 which fome authority or other does not contradict. 



2. U.fubsrofa. Cork -barked Elm. Ehrh. Arb. 142. 

 Willd. n. 2. Engl. Bot. t. 2161. Compend. 42. Ait. 

 n. 2, /3. (U. campellris ^ ; Fl. Brit. n. i. Hudf. icg. 

 U. vulgatiffima, folio lato fcabro ; Goodyer in Gcr. Em. 

 1480. Raii Syn. 468.) — Leaves pointed, doubly and 

 fharply ferrated, rough, unequal at the bafe. Flowers on 

 fhort ftalks, four or five-cleft, with four or five ftamens. 

 Fruit rounded, deeply cloven, naked. Bark corky. — Found 

 in woods, and about villages, in many parts of Europe. 

 Very common in Suflex, according to Mr. Borrer, flower- 

 ing in March. The branches fpread widely, and their bark 

 of a year old is covered with a fine dcnfe cork, divided by 

 deep fiflTurcs. Leaves larger than in the foregoing, more 

 pointed, as well as more ftiarply and finely ferrated. 

 Flowers earlier, more hairy, on longer ftalks, and often five- 

 cleft ; their fegments obtufe. Capfuk much fhorter and 

 nearly orbicular, more deeply cloven than in montana, to 

 which fpecies the prefent feems more akin than to campejlris. 

 The axillary tufts of hair to the veins beneath, are peculiarly 

 ■broad in U. fuberofa. 



3. U. major. Dutch Elm. Engl. Bot. t. 2542. Com- 

 pend. 43. (U. hoUandicus ; Mill. Dift. ed. 8. n. 5. U. 

 major hoUandica, anguftis et magis acuminatis famaris, folio 

 latiffimo fcabro; Pluk. Aim. 393.) — Leaves unequally, 

 rather bluntly, ferrated, rough, unequal at the bafe. 

 Flowers nearly feflile, four-cleft, with four ftamens. Fruit 

 obovate, naked, flightly cloven. — Native of Holland, and 

 perhaps of England. We beheve it may not be fpecifically 

 diftinft from what was pointed out to us by his grace the 

 duke of Bedford, near Shugborough, Staffordfhire, by the 

 name of the Huntingdonftvire Elm, but of that we have not 

 feen either Jloiuers ov fruit. We originally confounded the 

 U. major with fuberofa, and this may have led to the ilill 

 greater miftake in Hort. Kew. of uniting our campejlris to 

 the Dutch Elm, though the vcood of the former is mentioned 

 in Engl. Bot. as the moft valuable of its genus, while that 

 of the latter is declared by Miller to be " good for nothing." 

 This author favs his U. hoUandicus was brought from Hol- 

 land in king William's reign, and being recommended for 

 its quick growth, was a falhionable tree for hedges in gardens, 

 but afterwards fell into difufe. We prefer for this fpecies 

 the name of major, taken from Plukenet's fynonvm. It is 

 intermediate between fuberofa and montana, agreeing moft 

 with the latter in its broad, hluntly-fcrrated rough leaves, 

 and the large obovateyru/V, which is much leis deeply cloven 

 than in fubertfa. The branches fpread widely, in a drooping 

 ■manner, and their bark is fnore corky than even that of the 

 ■ipecies laft meutioned. 



4. U. minlana. Broad-leaved Elm, or Wych Hazel. 

 Bauh. Pin. 427. Camer. Epit. 70. With. 279. Fl. Brit, 

 n. 2. Engl. Bot. t. 1887. ( U. campeftris ; Willd. n. I. 

 Ait. n. I. Woodv. Med. Bot. t. 197. Sm. Prodr. Fl. 

 GrsEc. Sibth. n. 599 ? Fl. Dan. t. 632. U. nuda ; Ehrh. 

 Arb. n. 62. U. folio latiffimo fcabro ; Goodyer in Ger. 

 Em. 148 1.) — Leaves doubly ferrated, pointed, roujgh, un- 

 equal at the bafe. Flowers on fhort ftalks, five or fix-cleft, 

 with five or fix ftamens. Fruit rounded, naked, fcarcely 

 cloven. — This appears to be one of the moft common fpecies 

 throughout Europe, from the foulh of Sweden. It is fre- 

 quent in woods and hedges in Britain, flowering at the end 

 of March, or early in April, and ripening feed, more per- 

 feftly than our firft fpecies, in June. The tree is large and 

 fp reading, with drooping or pendulous branches. The wood 

 fetches about half the price of otir Norfolk campejlris. The 

 bark is not corky. Leaves much larger than in campejlris, 

 and fomewhat lefs rough, with longer points. Floiuers 

 larger, on rather longer ftalks, their fegments acute, from five 

 to fix, or even feven, with the fame number of y/ami-ni. Fruit 

 larger, more orbicular, flightly obovate, fmooth at the 

 edge, and very flightly cloven at the end. — Since the fpecies 

 of Elms have been more accurately inveftigated, botanifts 

 have diff^ered about the names of this and our firft defcribed. 

 That the prefent is U. montana of Bauhin, fo well figured 

 by Camerarius, and diftinguiftied from what thofe authors 

 term campejlris, there can be no doubt. The latter is the 

 Ulmus figured by Mattliiolus, Dodonasus, Lobel (in his 

 Icones, V. 2. 189.), with a fort of gall, but no fruftification, 

 and we prefume it to be either our campeftris ox fuberofa, but 

 moft probably the former. However this part of the quef- 

 tion may be decided, we conceive there can be no doubt as 

 to the montana, which can never be juftly taken for the true 

 campejlris, though confounded by Linnxus with other fpe- 

 cies under that name, and though it may be the Swedifh 

 plant. Both perhaps are indigenous in Greece, but we have 

 no fpecimens from thence. 



5. U. glabra. Smooth-leaved, or Wych Elm. Mill. 

 Dift. ed. 8. n. 4. CuUum Fl. Angl. 97, unpubhftied. 

 Sm. Compend. 43. Engl. Bot. t. 2248. (U. montanap; 

 Fl. Brit. n. 2. U. folio glabro ; Ger. Em. 1481. Raii 

 Syn. 469.) — Leaves doubly ferrated, fmooth, unequal at 

 the bafe. Flowers nearly feflile, five-cleft, with five fta- 

 mens. Fruit obovate, naked, deeply cloven. — Native of 

 England. Obferved by Mr. Edward Forfter to be the 

 moft abundant fpecies of this genus in fome parts of Eflex, 

 flowering in March. We have arranged Gerard's fynonyms 

 of this and the firft two fpecies, under the aufpices of that 

 accurate Britifh botanift. The prefent is an elegant tree, 

 with fpreading drooping branches, whofe bark is fmooth and 

 blackiih. Leaves more oblong and rigid than thofe of 

 fuberofa, very unequal at the bafe ; quite fmooth to the 



touch on the upper fide, and nearly fo beneath, except the 

 general downinefs of the rib and veins. Flowers fringed, 

 obtufe, with long Jlamcns. Fruit fmall, cloven down to the 

 feed. Goodyer in Gerarde's Herbal fays the wood is pre- 

 ferred for the naves of cart-wheels. If fo, it perhaps equals 

 our campejlris in quahty. 



6. U. ejfufa. Loofe-flowering Elm. Willd. n. 3, with 

 many wrong fynonyms. (U. cihata ; Ehrh. Arb. 72. 

 U. pedunculata ; Lamarck n. 2. U. folio laliflimo, flori- 

 bu3 in petiolis (pedunculis) pendentibus ; Buxb. Halenf. 

 340. U. longioribus florum et ferainum petiolis ; Rupp. 

 Jen. ed. Haller. 330. ) — Leaves doubly ferrated, fmooth, 

 unequal at the, bafe. Flowers oftandrous, on drooping 

 iialks. Fruit eUiptical, cloven, denfely fringed. — Native 

 oi Germany. Buxbaum fpeaks of it as growing about vil- 

 lages, 



