ULMUS. 



hges, affordiiiij a grateful ftiade. Ruppius gathered it near 

 Lcipfic, and Ehrhart at Hanover. We know nothing of 

 this fpecies in England. Its kaves are larger than the laft, 

 and not lefs unequal at the bafe ; very fmooth, with downy 

 ribs and footlla)ks. FJotver-fla/is about an inch long, 

 fmooth, loofely pendulous. Calyx probably anfwering in 

 its fegments to the number of the ftamens, which are faid to 

 be eight, but we do not always find the calyx more than five 

 or fix-cleft, with blunt fhallow divifions. The fruif is ellip- 

 tical, acute at each end, larger than the latt, cloven, but 

 rot quite down to the feed ; its margin denfely woolly ; by 

 ■which laft mark, and the long drooping Jloivcr-JIalks, this 

 fpecies is vei-y clearly diftinguifhed. We cannot concur 

 ■with Willdcnow in thinking this U. glabra of Miller, or 

 montana of Bauhin ; it certainly does not anfwer to the cut 

 of montana in Camerarius. 



7. U. americana. American Elm. Linn. Sp. PI. 327. 

 Willd. n. 4. Ait. n. 3. Purfh n. I. — Leaves acutely fer- 

 rated, very rough, fomewhat unequal at the bafe. Flowers 

 on longifh ftalks. Fruit ovate, deeply cloven, denfely 

 fringed. Common in all low lands and woods, from New 

 England to Carolina, flowering in April, and known by the 

 name of White Elm. Purfh. There is a variety with red 

 branches, another with white, and a third more pendulous, 

 ivhofe haves are faid to be fmoothcr. In our fpecimens the 

 leaves are large, long-pointed, unequally ferrated, more 

 or lefs rough, like a file, on fhort downy ftalks ; their ribs 

 numerous, ftraight and parallel ; their under fide downy and 

 hoary when young. Stipuhis long, ftrap-fhaped, reddifh, 

 deciduous, fmooth. Stamens apparently more than five. 

 Fruit reticulated, as denfely fringed as the laft, and more 

 deeply cloven. 



8. U. nemoralis. Hornbeam-leaved Elm. River Elm. 

 Ait. n. 4. Willd. n. 5. Purlh n. 2. ( U. polyama ; La- 

 marck n. 5. Rhamnus carpinifolius ; Pallas Rod. v. i. 

 part 2. 24. t. 60. Planera Gmelini ; Michaux Boreal.- 

 Amer. v. 2. 248. P. aquatica ; Willd. Sp. PI. v. 4. 967. 

 Pur(hll5. P. Richardi ; Michaux ibid. ?) — Leaves ovate, 

 oblong, equally ferrated, nearly Imooth ; fcarcely unequal 

 at the bafe ; paler beneath. Fruit inflated, oblique Na- 

 tive of the banks of rivers in North America, flowering in 

 April and May. Pallas found it in Siberia, and was jullly 

 doubtful of its genus. This tree is faid to have been cul- 

 tivated by the late Mr. Gordon, in 1760. It flowered in 

 the royal French garden at Trianon, for the firft lime, in 

 April 1779. "^^f^ fynonyms appear very paradoxical, and 

 we hardly feel juftified in fuppofing that Michaux as well 

 as Purfh, have each dcfcribed the plant twice over. Yet 

 ■we never could meet with more than one fpecies anfwerable 

 to the above names. The tree is tall and handlome, with a 

 white brittle wood. Leaves an inch and a half long, bright 

 green, with large, broad, blunt, equal ferratures. Foot- 



jialks downy, very fliort. Flowers nearly fcffile, in lateral 

 or axillary tufts, fome of them occafionally male or female 

 only. Calyx bell-fliaped, ufually five-cleft, with (\\cjlamens. 

 Capfule ovate, oblique, gibbous, reticulated, bordered, not 

 winged, very unhke an Ulmus, yet furcly lefs like a-Rhant- 

 nus, or a Cellis, to both of which it has been compared. 

 Not having feen the fructification alive, to trace its progrefs, 

 we muft leave the genus of this remarkable tree in the 

 uncertainty in which we find it. 



9. U. j-lbellcea. Sandal-wood Elm. Sm. Prodr. FI. 

 Grace. Sibth. n. 600. ( Abilicea crctica ; Pon. Bald. 1 1 j, 

 with a figure. Sm. Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. 9. 126. Bauh. 

 Hiit. V. 1.490. Pfeudofaiitalumcrcticum ; Bauli. Pin. 393. ) 

 — Leaves elliptical, equally ferrated, fcarcely unequal at the 

 bafe J downy and hoary beneath. Fruit iuflated, obliq,uc.— 



Native of Crete, from whence its wood is faid to have been 

 formerly tranfported to Italy, as a fort of Sandal-wood. 

 Honorio Belli communicated a figure of the branches and 

 leaves to Pona, and we have the fruit from Dr. Siblhorp, 

 but no fpecimen or account of the Jlowers. This fpecies 

 differs from the laft chiefly in the hoary pubefcence of ita 

 leaves on their under lide. The fruit is v.^ry fimilar to that, 

 but more comprefled, and cloven like an Elm at the fummit. 

 The ivood is harder, and reddifli. 



10. U.fulva. Red, or Slippery, Elm. Michaux Bo- 

 real. -Amer. V. I. 172. Purfli n. 3. — Branches rough. 

 Leaves ovate-oblong, pointed, unequally ferrated, very 

 rough, downy on botli fides ; fcarcL-ly unequal at the bafe. 

 Buds denfely woolly. Flowers felfile. — On mountains, from 

 Canada to Pennfylvania, flowering in May. The vifcid 

 inner bark is ufed by the natives as a healing application for 

 fores. Purjh. Leaves variable in fliape and ferratures, but 

 more downy than thofe of other American Elms. Stamens 

 from five to feven. Stigmas purplifli. Young fruit downy 

 on both fides. Michaux. 



1 1 . U. alata. Whahoo, or Cork-winged Elm. Michaux 

 Boreal. -Amer. v. i. 173. Purfli n. 4. — Branches winged 

 with cork at each fide. Leaves oblong-oval, tapering; 

 to a point ; nearly equal at the bafe. Fruit downy, denfely 

 fringed. — In fandy low woods of Virginia and Carolina, 

 flowering in April. Purjjj. A middle-fizcd tree, with 

 leaves like horn-beam, and nearly \.\\e fruSif cation oi U. ame- 

 ricana. Michaux. This is the {/./i;/m;/a of Walter, Fl. Ca- 

 rolin. III. 



12. V.pumila. Dwarf Elm. Linn. Sp. PI. 327. Willd, 

 n. 6. Ait. n. 5. Pall. Rofl". v. i. part i. 76. t. 48. (U. 

 humilis ; Amm. Ruth. 180.) — Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 

 equally ferrated, very fmooth ; nearly equal at the bafe. 



Fruit roundifli-ovate, cloven, fmooth Native of Siberia 



and China. Hardy in England. A bufliy Jhrub, with 

 fliining, veiny, neatly ferrated leaves, fmaller than in any 

 of the former, except perhaps U. yll/eliicj. Flowers 

 ftalkcd, red. 



13. U. integrifolla. Entire-h-aved Elm. Roxb. Coro- 

 mand. v. 1. 56. t. 78. Willd. n. 7. — Leaves entire. 

 Fruit orbicular, emarginatc. — Native of the Circar moun- 

 tains of the Eaft Indies, flowering during the cold feafon, 

 and cafting its leaves after the rainy feafon, but young ones 

 come out in March. This is a large timber tree, whofe 

 wood fervcs for a variety of ufes. The ovate, acute, entire 

 leaves are near three inches long. Flowers fmall, feflile, 

 deeply five-cleft ; fome of them male, with eight Jlanuns ; 

 the reft with five. Fruit fomewhat racemofe, veiny, near an 

 inch broad. 



Uj.iMUs, in Gardening, contains plants of the deciduou* 

 timber-tree and ornamental liedge-kind, and others, among 

 which the fpecies cultivated are, the common elm (U. cam- 

 peilris) ; the Dutch elm (U. fuberofa) ; the broad-leaved 

 elm,or Wych hazel (U. montana) ; the American elm (U. 

 americana) ; the hornbeam-leaved elm (U. nemoralis) ; and 

 the dwarf elm (U. pumila). 



The firft fort grows to a great high tree ; the bark of 

 which in the young trees and the boughs of the older ones 

 is fmooth and very tough, and will 11 rip or peel from the 

 wood a great length without breaking, being fomewhat of 

 an aftringent quality, and prob.ibly capable of being em- 

 ployed in the bufineis of tanning leather. 



There is a variety called the narrow-leaved elm, which is 

 like the other, but much lefs and lower: the leaves are 

 ufually about two inches and a half long, and an inch or aa 

 inch and quarter broad ; indented about the edges, and hav- 

 ing one fide longer than die other, and being harfli on both 



fide* 



