U L T 



U L V 



1691. It was oneof thofc formed by the general organiza- 

 tion afts of 1788 and 1801, and has conftituted one of 

 tlie colony and ftate of New York ever fince 1691, though 

 the boundaries have been altered. Several tovyns have been 

 annexed to Orange county, and Sullivan county has been 

 erefted from the northern part. It is bounded northerly 

 by Delaware and Greene counties, E. by the Hudfon, or 

 by Columbia and Dutchefs counties, S. by Orange, and 

 W. by Sullivan county. The area is eftimated at 966 

 fquare miles, or 617,440 acres. It is fituated between 

 41° 33' and 42° 19' N. lat., and 66' E. and 47' W. long, 

 from New Yorli. Its towns are Efopus, Hurley, Kingfton 

 the capital, Marbletown, Marlborough, New-Paltz, Platts- 

 kill, Rochelfer, Saugerties, Shandakan, Shawangunk, Wa- 

 warfuifr and Woodftock. Its population confills of 26,576 

 perfons. This county is coufiderably broken by the Catf- 

 bergs, or Catfkill mountains. The foil is of various qualities. 

 The channel of the Hudfon forms the eaftern boundary of 

 Uliler, and the fmall ftreams are very numerous. The 

 uplands are, in general, rich and produflive ; and the flats 

 along its ftreams are very cxtenfive, with confiderable trafts 

 of recent and rich alluvion, tliough interfperfed with clay 

 and argillaceous mould. The agriculture of this county is 

 inferior to that of Dutchefs. Its marble is very fine ; the 

 mill-ftones of Efopus are in high eftimation : lime-ftone, 

 flate, marie, and iron-ore are found in great abundance ; and 

 lead, native alum, plumbago, coJ, peat, and a variety of 

 pigments, have been found in this county. It lias thirteen 

 congregations and houfcs of worfhip belonging to the Dutch 

 reformed, and feveral Quaker and Methodift nieeting-houfes ; 

 and at Kingfton there is a flourilhing academy. The early 

 inhabitants of this county were Germans and Dutch, and it 

 was fettled at a very early period of American hiftory. 

 Kingfton, the capital, is delightfully fituated between Efo- 

 pus and Wall creeks, and contains about 150 houfes and 

 llores. Many of the houfes are of ftone. Uliler, Vvrith 

 Sullivan county, fends four members to the houfe of 

 afiembly. 



Ulster, a towndiip of America, in the ftate of Pennfyl- 

 vania, and county of Lvcoming, containing 627 inhabitants. 



ULTERIOR, in Geography, is applied to fom.e part 

 of a country or province, which, with regard to the reft 

 of that country, is fituate on the farther fide of a river, 

 mountain, or other boundary, which divides the country 

 into two parts. 



Thus Africa, with regard to Europe, is divided by 

 Mount Atlas into citerior and ulterior, i. e. into two por- 

 tions, the one on this fide Mount Atlas, and the other on 

 that. 



ULTIMA BASI A, Lajl Kifs, is a phrafe ufed am.ong 

 fome painters, for lail finifliing touches with the pencil. 



ULTIZURI, in Ancient Geography, a barbarous people, 

 comprehended under the general name of Huns, who made 

 themfelves famous until the reign of the emperor Leon. 



ULTRAMARINE, is a beautiful and durable fl<y- 

 blue, formed of the mineral called lapis lazuli, and confut- 

 ing, according to the analylis of Klaproth, of little elfe 

 than oxyd of iron. It is feparated from the earthy parts of 

 the above-mentioned mineral in the following manner. Let 

 the lapis lazuli be heated juft to rednefs, and then fuddenly 

 quenched in cold water, and let this be repeated two or 

 three times, till the ftone becomes almoft friable ; then let it 

 be ground down with a few drops of water in a clean iron 

 mortar, or, ftill better, in an agate one, till it is reduced to a 

 perfectly impalpable powder. Then take one pint of lin- 

 leed oil, warm it over the fire in a clean veflel, and add one 

 pound of bees-wax, one pound of turpentine, half a pound 



7 



of rofm, and half a pound of gum maftich ; keep the 10- 

 gredients over the fire, with conftant ftirring, till thev are 

 melted and thoroughly incorporated together ; the refult 

 will be a tenacious adhefive mafs. Of this take any quan- 

 tity, fix ounces for example, melt it and pour it into a 

 warm clean mortar ; then fprinkle upon it three ounces of 

 pulverized lapis lazuli, and incorporate it thoroughly bv 

 long beating with the peftle ; this being done, pour in fome 

 warm water, and again work it about in the fame manner asi 

 before : in a fhort time the water will become charged witli 

 the blue colouring matter ; it muft then be poured into a 

 clean tail glafs, and replaced by frefh, proceeding in this 

 manner till the pafte will give out no more colour on the 

 addition of frefh water. By ftanding a few days the colour 

 will fubfide from the water in which it was fufpended ; the 

 clear ?.uid being then decanted off", and the reft got rid of 

 by evaporation, there will remain a deep-blue powder, which 

 is ultramarine. See Lazuli Lapit. 



Ultramarine AJ}:ics, is the name of a pigment which is 

 the refiduum of the lapis lazuli, after the ultramarine has 

 been extrafted from it. But as the coloured particles which 

 remain are mixed with thofe of another kind contained in 

 the lapis lazuli, thefe afhes muft of courfe be much lefs 

 valuable than even the worft ultramarine. 



Their appearance is that of the ultram.arine, a little tinged 

 with red, and diluted with white. The adulteration to 

 which they are fubjedl, and gives them a better appearance 

 than that of their genuine ftate, may be delefted by the 

 methods propofed for difcovering the fophiftication of the 

 ultr.imariiie. See Lazuli Lapis and Blue. 



ULTRAMONTANE, fomething beyond the moun- 

 tains. The term is principally ufed in relation to Italy and 

 France, which are feparated by the mountains of the Alps. 



In France, the opinions of the ultramontane canonifts, 

 I. e. of thofe of Italy, are not received. 



The painters, particularly thofe of Italy, call all thofe 

 that are not of that country ultramontanes, or fimply, tra- 

 montanes. Pouflin is the only tramontane painter that the 

 Italians feem to envy. 



ULTRAMUNDANE, Ultramundanus, Beyond the 

 World, is that part of the univerfe fuppofed to be without 

 or beyond the limits of our world, or fyftem. 



ULTZEN, or Veltzen, in Geography, a town of Weft- 

 phalia, in the principality of Luneburg, on the Ilmenau. 

 It contiiins three churches, three hofpitals, and about 330 

 houfes ; the principal articles of trade are wool, brandy, and 

 meal. It was at one time Hanfeatic ; 20 miles S.S.E. of 

 Luneburg. N. lat. 52° 58'. E. long. 8° 22'. 



ULVA, in Botany, a Latin word, occurring more fre- 

 quently in the poets than any where elfe, and pofleffing a 

 general, rather than a very precife or appropriate, meaning, 

 Pliny has it not. Virgil and Ovid often mention it, vrith 

 the epithets of viridis, Itev'ts, mollis, pr.Iuflr'u, glauca, Jlumi- 

 nca ; and Vitruvius fueaks of roofs made of " the raarfli 

 Ulva." Hence Caefalpinus-and others have been led to be- 

 lieve the Typha, or perhaps the whole tribe of Bulrufhes, 

 Sedges, &c. were underftood by this appellation. Perhaps 

 Ulva is fimply fynoaimous with aquatic plants in general ; 

 which opinion is confirmed by the etymology pointed out 

 by De Theis. He refers this word to the Celtic ul, water, 

 the origin of uligo, ooze, and fynonimous with lu, from 

 whence comes lutum, mud, &c. Dillenius latterly rqefted 

 Ul-va entirely, becaufe of its uncertain meaning ; adopting 

 Tremella, which he confidered as more exprcllive. Lin- 

 na;us, diftinguilliingTREMELLA (fee that article) as a frefh- 

 water genus, with lefs decided charafters, retains Ul-ca for 

 one chiefly of marine origin, more membranous in habit, 



and 



