U M B 



U M B 



Parvafi, under wliicli article an ample account is given of 

 this important many-named deity. Uma is ftated to be an 

 incarnation of Paivati. 



Uma is a name ftill given to Hindoo females, in common 

 with fcveral others of this and other goddefles ; fuch as 

 Lakfhmi, Parvati, Bhavani, &c. 



UMAGNO, in Geography, a town of Etruria ; 5 milts 

 N. of Voltcrra. 



UMAGO, a fca-port town of Iftria. Here is a fpacioiis 

 harbour at tlie mouth of a river, but the fituation being 

 unhealthy, the town is but thinly inhabited ; 16 miles E. 

 of Venice. N. lat. 45° 35'. E. long. 13° 43'. 



UMA PA, a town of Mexico, in the province of Culia- 

 can ; 10 miles E. of Culiacan. 



UMARI, in Botany, the Brafilian name of a tree, rudely 

 figured in Marcgravc's Hijl. Plant. 12 1. See Geoffr«A. 

 UMARRAH, in Geography, a town of Nubia ; 85 miles 

 S. of Syene. 



UMATAG, or Umatay, a town of theiflandof Guam, 

 in the Eaft Indian fe?., where velTels flop to refit. 



UMBA, a town of Ruffia, in the government of Arch- 

 angel, on the White fea. N. lat. 66° 45'. E. long. 29'-' 14'. 

 Umba, Lower, a middle province of Matamba. 

 Umba, Upper, the moft northerly province of Matamba. 

 UMBAA, a town of Abyflinia ; lOO miles S.S.W. of 

 Gondar. 



UMBAGOG Lake, a lake of New Hampfhire. N. 

 lat. 44'' 38'. W. long. 70'^ 59'. 



UMBALLA, a to^n of Hindooftan, in the circar of 

 Sirhind ; 32 miles E.S.E. of Sirhind. 



UMBEL, Umbki.i.a, in Botany, a I>atin word, for a 

 little (hade, or umbrella, is ufcd to defignate a particular 

 mode of inflorcfccnce, thence called umbellate. ( See Um- 

 BELLATiE. ) The umbella was formerly named in Englidi 

 rundle, probably from its round (hapc ; but umbel is now 

 univerfally adopted. This mode of inflorcfccnce confiRs of 

 feveral flowcr-llalks, or rays, nearly equal in length, 

 fprcading from a common point or centre, their fummits 

 forming a level, convex, fonictimes globofo, furfacc ; more 

 rarely, as in the Carrot, a concave one. When each ray is 

 fimple, and bears a folitary flower, the umbel is denominated 

 fimple, as in the Ivy and Cowflip, as well as in yljlrantia, 

 Erioc.ilia, and Hy/lrocotyle. A compound umbel, properly 

 fo called, has each of its principal rays terminating in an- 

 other fmaller umbel. Such, at lead, is the cafe with thofe 

 plants conftituting tiie natural order of Umbellattic ; few 

 of which, beiides the three genera jnll mentioned, have 

 fimple umbels. Inflances of compound ones are familiar in 

 the Hemlock, Carrot, Parfley, &c. There are indeed 

 other kinds of compound umbels, found in various other 

 tribes of plants ; as in Euphorbia, wliofe general nmbel, in 

 moft of the fpecies, is repeatedly fubdivided, either in a 

 threefold, or a forked manner. A Cvme (fee that article) 

 is in the firft inftance a general umbel, though its partial 

 flalks are irregularly fubdivided. On tiie contrary, a 

 panicle, whofe primary ramifications are alternate, or irre- 

 gular, fometimes has its ultimate ones umbellate, of which 

 examples occur in Fil'tt and ylralia. We refer the reader 

 to Cyme, Inflokescence, and Genus, for remarks on 

 the different conceptions of authors, refpcfling tiie nature 

 of an umbel, referving furtiicr confiderations of that kind 

 for the article UivinELLAT^E. We have here only to add, 

 that an umbel is fometimes naked, but much more generally 

 .iccompanied by bracleas, or by a fimple or compound ;h- 

 <i>olucrum, not always conftant, or uniformly prefint, even 

 in the 'fame fpeciej. The rays themfclvcs are ufually per. 



manent, feldom deciduous, till long after the fccdb have 

 fallen. 



UMBELLATjE, a very natural order of plants, fo 

 named from its mode of inflorefcence, (fee Umrel, ) and 

 conftituting the forty-fifth order among the Fragmenta 

 of Linnxus. It is cxaftly equivalent to tlie Umbelliftrx 

 of other writers, at leaft of fuch as are correct, being' 

 the fixtieth order in JufTieu's fyflcm, or the fecond of his 

 twelfth clafs. The charafters of that clafs are thefe. 

 A fuperior calyx of one leaf. Petals fcveral, definite, in- 

 ferted upon the piftil, or upoii the border of a gland crown- 

 ing the germen. Stamens definite, diftinft, infcrted into the 

 fame part, being alternate with the petals, and equal to 

 them in luimber. Germen inferior, fimple ; ftyles feveral, 

 definite ; ftigmas as many. Seeds agreeing in number with 

 the ftyles, either naked, or rarely inclofed in a feed-veifel, 

 having a fimilar number of cells. Corculum mniute, oblong, 

 at the top of a woody albumen. Floiv^rs imibcllatc, that 

 is, fupportcd fingly on numerous ftalks, fpringing from the 

 fame point. Umbel either naked, or furroiuided by a many- 

 leaved involucrum : and either fimple, or compofed of leffer, 

 or partial, umbels, which likewife .ire fometimes naked, 

 fometimes furniflied with a partial involucrum. The orders 

 are two; l. Akai.i/E, whok petals, Jlyhs, M\A feeds, are 

 numerous, their y>-«/V capfular or pulpy : and 2. Umbelli- 

 VKKX, of which we are about to treat. 



JufTieu tlius diftinguilhes the order in quellion. Calyx 

 either entire or five-tootiied. Petals five. Stamens five. 

 Styles andjligmas two. Fruit perpendicularly feparable into 

 two feeds, various in ftiape, hanging by their fummits to a 

 central, thread- fhapcd, often deeply divided, axis or re- 

 ceptacle. Flowers difpofed in little umbels, which are 

 moilly collefted into general umbels, each being either 

 naked or fui-niflied with involucrums, and for the moft part 

 regular, in a few inllances anomalous. The _y7«n is often 

 herbaceous, nucly fhrubby. Leaves alternate, with iTieath- 

 ing footllalks ; and either fimple, or moll frequently com- 

 pound, with repeated fubdivifions. The colour of the 

 Jloiuers is ufually white, fometimes reddilh or purpli/h ; in 

 a few inftances yellow. Lagoecia, and we may add Erto- 

 ealia, are remarkable for a folitary feed, the ftyle alfo being 

 folitary in the former. We may add alfo, that Eryngium is 

 fingular for having the umbel condenfed into a head, the 

 flowers having no footftalks, forming the only exception to 

 the umbellate inflorefcence of the whole order. 



Linnaeus fixes the charafter of his Umbellatx in the five 

 ftamens, two ftyles, and two feeds, all umbellate flowers 

 not being comprehended therein. But as Eryngium is not 

 excluded, though deftitute of a proper umbel, fo neither arc 

 Lagoecia and Eriocalia, though having only folitary feeds. 

 His general idea of the order agrees with Juffieu's, but he 

 held a peculiar opinion of the umbel being in itfelf an aggre- 

 gate flower. On this fubjeft we have already faid allthat 

 is neccflary, under Cyme. -We proceed to the generic dif- 

 tinftions in this order, a fubjeft of the greateft difficulty, 

 becaufe the order itfelf is fo very natural. The ipecies, as 

 Hallcr obfcrves, are eafily difcriminated. This author, and 

 his pupil Crantz, follow Tournefort, in defining the genera 

 by the feeds. Linnxus holds this principle rather too cheap, 

 adopting the plan of liis friend Artedi, who (nil fnggefted 

 the ufe of the general and partial involucrum tor the purpofc 

 required. Hence he diftributes the Umbell.itj into three 

 feftions, Thofe which have a genenJ as well as partial in- 

 volucrum ; thofe which have oiily a partial one ; and thofe 

 which have neither. .Tuflieu follows the fame arrangement, 

 only rcvcrfing the fcClioiis. The author of the flora Bri- 

 Y 7 2 lanr.ka 



