U U B 



comes red when (liglitly heated, but in a Ihoiigcr heat is 

 again brown and magnetic, and in a Hill ftronger, melts into 

 a black glafs. It does not efTL-rvefce with acids before 

 roattiiig, but after that the martial part is foluble. Elem. 

 Mineral, p. 78. 



This fubllance, when burnt, makes a good (hade for 

 gold. It need only be put into the naked lire in large 

 lumps, which fhould not bo takjn out till they be thoroughly 

 red-hot. 



Umbeh, or Ombre, in Ichthyology, an EngliHi name for 

 a lilh of the truttaceous kind, mor: commonly called the 

 rraylina, and by the authors in ichthyography, thymallus, 

 a frefh-water filh of a very fine tafte. 



UMBERPATTONS, in Geography, a town of Hin- 

 doollan, in Boggilcund ; 20 miles S.S.W. of Rewah. 



UMBERSTON Creek, a river of Virgini.i, which 



runs into the Potomack, N. lat. 39'' 35'. W. long. 78'' 6'. 



UMBILICAL, in Anatomy, an epithet applied to the 



arteries and veins which pafs through the umbilicus. See 



Embryo. 



Umbilical Region, is that part of the abdomen lying 

 round the umbihcus, or navel. 



Umbilical Rupture, a rupture or protrufion of the 

 bowels at the navel. The difeafe is frequently called by 

 furgeons exomphalos ; which fee. See alfo Hernia. 



Umbilicalis Funiculus, popularly called the naveljlring. 

 See Embryo, Funis, and Labour. 



Umbilical Points, in Mathematics, the fame \v\l\\ foci. 

 See Focus. 



Umbilical VcJfAs of Vegetables, in Agriculture and Gar- 

 dening, a term lately applied by fome writers, as Darwin, 

 to the fmall velTels which pafs from the heart part of the 

 feed into the fide fecd-lobcs, and there imbibe the folution 

 of facchariiie, farinaceous, or oily matter, which is prepared 

 and depofited in them for the nourifliment and fupport of 

 the new vegetable in its germination and infant growth. 

 They are confequently fuppofed to perform the important 

 office of lupplying nutrition to the young plant, and of 

 oxygenating, or aftbrdittg the oxygene principle of the air 

 to the vegetable juice, fap, or blood, and thereby to be of 

 very material ufe in the fprouting and vegetation of grain, 

 feeds, and buds. See Vegetation, and Vital Air. 



UMBILICARIA, in Botany, a genus of the Lichen 

 family, fo called by Hoffmann, from the rounded depreffed 

 figure of its frond, whofe centre is firmly attached to the 

 rocks, by a central root, like an umbilical cord. This 

 genus confifts of the Lichcnes umbilicats of Linnaeus, and is 

 now called Gykophor A ; fee that article. Nineteen fpecies 

 are defcribed in the molt: recent publication of profcflbr 

 Acharius, Synopfis Methodi Lichenum, p. 63 — 69. 



UMBILICATED, in Gardening, a term which fignifies 

 and is applied to thofe forts of fruit and leaves which are 

 navel-lhaped, or formed in the manner of that part. This is 

 the cafe in fruit of the apple and pear kinds, as well as fome 

 others, in which one or both ends are hollowed in a navel-like 

 manner. Alfo in fome leaves, as thofe of the peltate 'or 

 target-formed fort, which are fafhioned or rtiapcd in a 

 manner fomevvhat fimilar to that of the navel, at the part 

 or place where the footllalk is infcrted, which is commonly 

 about the middle, on the under fide, but in fome inllances 

 above. 



UMBILICUS, in Anatomy, the navel, a round opening 

 in the linea alba, for the paffage of the umbilical veifels of 

 the fietus. Its fituation is marked by a deprefflon, after 

 the cord has feparated, produced by the inlletlion of the 

 integuments. See Ohi.iquus. 



Umbilicus, in Mathernatics, the fame with/ofw. 



U M B 



Umbilici's Marinus, « name given to a fmall oval body 

 of a (helly matter, from its refemblance to the human 

 navel. It is properly the operculum of a fheU-fi(h, ferving 

 to clofe up the aperture of the fhell in the buccinum, and 

 other turbinated fhells ; and to that purpofe it is fixed to 

 the anterior extremity of the body of the animal ; fo that 

 when it retrafts its body into the (hell, this naturally fills 

 up the mouth of it : it is convex on one fide, and flat on 

 the other; the convex fide is plain and white, the flat fide 

 is yellowifh or reddifh, and marked with a fpiral line. See 



CONCHOLOGY. 



It is faid by authors to have great virtues as an abforbent 

 and albingent ; but it is not uled at prefent in the (hop?, 

 though it holds a place in the catalogues of the Materia 

 Medica, as well of our own as other nations. 



Umbilicus Veneris, in Botany. (See Cotyledon.) 

 The Engli(h name of the fame import, Venus's Navel-wort, 

 13 applied to the CynogloJ'um linrf'ulium, on account of the 

 little hollow, or dcprcffion, in each of its beautiful feeds. 



UMBINUS, among the Ancients, a kind of coin current 

 in Gallia Narbonnenfis. 



UMBLA, or, as fome write it. Umbra, in Ichthyology, 

 the name of a filh of the truttaceous kind, and nearly allied 

 to the falmon. 



It is the falmo umbla of LinnKus, vrith the lateral lines 

 bent upward, and a bifurcated tail. See Salmo. 



There are four fpecies of this fifli mentioned among natu- 

 ralifls ; but the umbla prior and umbla altera of Roiideletius, 

 which are two of them, feem only to be the different fexes 

 of the fame fi(h. Thefe are confidcrably large, very like 

 the common falmon, but have blue backs and yellow bellies. 

 The third is the fifli commonly called the falvelin, or falmo 

 falvelinus of Linnasus, with the upper jaw longer than the 

 other : and the fourth is the red charr. Willughbv's Hift. 

 Pifc. p. 198. 



UMBO, in Antiquity, the round protuberant part of a 

 (hield. ^ 



Umbo, in Geography, a lake of Ruffia, in the govern- 

 ment of Archangel. N. lat. 67° 40'. E. long. 29° 14'. 



UMI50NE, or Horn, among Fkrifls, fignifies any- 

 pointed ftyle, or piftil, in the middle of a flower. 



There is alfo an umbone called double-pointed, or liparted, 

 as in the pxony ; and fometimes the umbone has four (harp 

 points, in which cafe it is termed, an umbone divided into 

 fo many heads, or cut into three or four parts. 



UMBOYNA, in Geography, a town of Nubia ; 50 miles 

 S. of Gous. 



UMBRA, Shadow. See Light, Shadow, Penumbr.*, 



&c 



Umbra, in Ancient Geography, a fmall river of Italy, in 

 Etruria. 



Umbra, in Geography, a river of America, which runs 

 into the Wabafli, N. lat. 38° 38'. W. long. 88° 12'. 



Umbra, in Ichthyology, the name of a fea-hfli caught in the 

 Mediterranean, and brought to the markets in Italy and other 

 places ; called by fome chromis,?inA by the Venetians corvo. 



Its ufual fize at market is about twelve or fourteen inches 

 in length ; but it grows to fixty pounds weight, and to the 

 length of five or fix feet. It is of a fomcwhat Ihtted figure, 

 and its back i^ ridged and rifes up from the head. It loTat- 

 thing refembles the carp in its general figure, but is broader. 

 It is very elegantly coloured, for there arc a number of long 

 oblicjue lines covering its whole fides, which are alternately 

 of a fine p.nle blue, and a beautiful yellow. Its fcales are 

 moderately large, and its coverings of the gills, arid great 

 part of its very head, as v/ell as its body, are covered with 

 thcfe i its head is moderately large, but its mouth fniall, and 



it 



