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See SPMSG-Drain and Snusc-Dralning. See alfo Drain- 

 INT. of Land. 



UNDER-rURROW, a term ufed to figiiify any fort 

 of operation or thing that is done under the furrow-dice of 

 the plough which is juft turned down or over, fuch, for in- 

 ftance, as the putting in certain kinds of grain, feeds, or 

 other crops, in particular circumftances and lorts of foil or 

 land, the turning in particular forts of manure, green crops 

 and other things, and many other procefles of a fimilar 

 nature. 



Under-furkow Sowing, a term applied to that mode 

 of introducing the feed into the ground, which is per- 

 formed by depollting it in the bottom of the preceding 

 furrow of the plough, and turning the next furrow-flice 

 upon it. 



In all cafes of under-furrow fowing, however, great care 

 is to be taken that the feed be not depofited to too great a 

 depth in the foil, fo as by excluding it from the aftion of 

 the oxygene principle of the air, to prevent or retard its 

 germination and early growth, and thereby incur the rifl< of 

 its rotting and being deftroyed. The depth of three or four 

 inches, as the nature of the land may be, is, for the moft 

 part, fully fufBcient for this fort of fowing. See the next 

 article. 



Under-furuow Sotiiwg- Plough, that fort of plough, 

 tool, or machine, which is particularly contrived for this 

 manner of putting feed into the ground. An imple- 

 ment of this kind was not long ago invented with feven 

 (hares, fo fet at fuitable diflances, as to correftly execute 

 the work in that number of furrows at the fame time. It 

 is conllrutled with a roller fomewliat on the fame principle, 

 and in the fame manner, as the fowing roller ; which is fup- 

 pofed to be an admirable mode of communicating motion in 

 fuch forts of machinery. See So\vi\u-Roller. 



A plough of this nature has dill more lately been invented 

 and conllrufted, whicli is faid to be fimple and convenient, and 

 to aufwer well in prailice, but of the particular nature of its 

 conllruftion, or tiie manner of its operating in performing 

 the work, we are not informed. 



A tool of this fort, which would execute the bufinefs 

 with fufficicnt accuracy, expedition, and cxaftnefs, would 

 be a matter of groat utility and importaiice to the farmer, 

 and prevent mucli injury and inconvenience in dilTcrent 

 relpeits. 



UNDERGROWTH, in Rmnl Economy, a term ap- 

 plied to any furt of young wood of the fmall or brufh kind, 

 which grows under any kind of trees, or tall plants of the 

 wood fort. It is a defcription of wood which is conllantly 

 cut down, in what may be faid to be the feafon or ftage of 

 youth, fooner or later, as tlie nature of the fort, and the 

 purpofe for wliieh it is raifcd, may be. See Undkkwood. 



UNDERBILL, in Geography, a town of America, in 

 the ftate of Vermont, and coujity of Cliittendcn, containing 

 490 inhabitants ; 24 miles N.N.E. of Newhaven. 



UNDER-LEAE Ai'I'lk-tkki:, a fort of applctree 

 which is valuable, as producing good fruit for the purpofe 

 of cyder. It is faid to be an excellent bearer, and in wliich 

 the infide of the tree is mofliy full of fruit. Some, liow- 

 ever, think that the cyder afforded by it, though pleafant, 

 is inclined to be rather thin and weak. A good tree of this 

 fort is affertcd to often tarry twenty feam of apples. It is 

 common in th'' apple-grounds of Gloucellerfliire. 



UNDERLETTING Land, in ylgncullure, the prac- 

 tice of reletting lands or farms, or the letting of them again 

 by the tenants. It is a matter of much importance to the 

 public, and to the advancement of hufhandry, that tenants 

 jjiowld have the power of underletting or afTigning the farms 



they may hold, in different circumftances and fitnations. 

 And it has been remarked, in a late periodical work on 

 farming, that, by the law of England, leafes are not only 

 affignable, but tiie proprietor of the land or farm muft, on 

 the affignment of the leafe, declare his eleftion, whether he 

 inclines to hold the original leffee bound for his rent, or 

 trulls to the affignee, as he cannot have both ; and that, on 

 the whole, a leafe, whether granted for a long or a fhort 

 term of years, feems to be held there under as ample powers 

 as the proprietor could have poiTeffed the ground himfelf by, 

 for the period it has to run. But that in Scotland, from 

 the prefent interpretation of the laws, by the decifions of 

 the court of feffion, a leafe or tack of lands there does not 

 imply a power either to affign, or even to underlet or fub- 

 fet ; although, in the latter cafe, both the principal leffee 

 and fubtenant were always underftood to be bound for the 

 rent to the landlord. 



It may be noticed, it is faid, that thefe leafes or tacks, 

 in general, are, by the commentaries of their lawyers, con- 

 fidered as unaflignable, from their bcmg fuppofed to imply 

 an election or choice of the perfon of the tenant by the 

 landlord ; yet it is admitted, that a life -rent leafe or tack is 

 afhgnable, which furely, it is thought, implies more of 

 fuch election or choice than any other. That all leafes or 

 tacks, too, that are to fubfift for a great length of time, 

 are alfo affignable, as well as fubfettable ; but that, rather 

 unfortunately, the length of indurance that is neceffary for 

 conferring this privilege has not been legally fixed. By a 

 late decifion, in one cafe, it was found, it is faid, that a 

 power of fubfetting was implied in a leafe of thirty-eight 

 years. With due fubmifTion to the opinions of others, how- 

 ever, there feems, it is contended, to be no folid ground for 

 any dillinftion, in judging a leafe or tack affignable or un- 

 affignable, as derived from the length of its duration merely. 

 It is faid in addition likewife, that, by the feudal law, this 

 riglit of tleftion or choice was carried fo far, that even an 

 heir was not permitted to enjoy the leafe or tack of his 

 father, unlcfs it was fo exprelfed in the leafe-deed. What 

 an obllacle was tliis to the improvement of the foil ! And 

 it is all<ed, does not the exchifion of affignees, in leafes or 

 tacks, flill remain an obflacle of the fame nature ? What 

 an incentive, on the other hand, would it be to induflry, if 

 a tenant, who had fucceffivily improved one farm, had it in 

 his power to afTigu his leafe or tack, and remove to another, 

 to a new and wider field for exercifing his talents ! Nor 

 does there feem, it is faid, to be any found reafon why a 

 tenant, who now-a-days generally buys his leafe or tack, as 

 the highefl bidder, at a public or private falc, fliould not 

 have it in his power to fell it again, to avoid lofs, or obtain 

 profit, to any perfon able to pay the rent, as freely as a 

 proprietor of lands fells his property, when he finds it does 

 not fuit liis views. This plan, it is thought, would be much 

 more reafonable, than that the law (houid force a tenant to 

 remain in a farm he cannot manage, until he is utterly 

 mined; as is but too often the cafe. And that, moreover, 

 if a tenant does become bankrupt, it is hardly to be cxpetU'd 

 that an adjudger, who enters to his farm from neceflity, and 

 ii accoiintal)le as a faflor, will do any thing for tlie improve- 

 ment of it : for it is iield as law, that a leafe or tack, which 

 bears no power to afligii, may yet be adjudged by a creditor 

 of the tenant. Expediency may, therefore, in every view, 

 be llrongly urged in favour of a more unliniiled power in 

 affigning leafes or tacks in tliat part of the country. 



The notion of the right of ele(ftion, or choice of the 



tenant by the landlord, leems, it is thought, to have arifeii 



from circumflanccs of a tcmjiorary nature, which are now 



uo longer of any confec[ucnce : from the rudencfs of the 



Z z 2 age, 



