UNGUENT. 



ing wounds and ulcers. See Basilicon, Ceratum Re- 

 Jlnn, and U. refine, &c. 



U. calambiare, or epvloticum, commonly called Turner's ce- 

 rate. See Calamine cerate, fupra, and Ceratum epuloticum. 



U- cent Jla-va, ointment of yellow wax of Dub. Ph., 

 confifts of a pound of purified yellow wax, and four pounds 

 of prepared hog's-lard, formed into an ointment. 



U. cer<e alia, ointment of white wax of Dub. Ph., is 

 prepared in the fame manner as the former, with the fublli- 

 tution of wliite for yellow wax. Thefc are ufeful dredings 

 to benign ulcers and excoriations. 



U. celacei, or fpermaceti ointment of the Lond. Ph., is 

 prepared by mixing together fix drachms of fpermaceti and 

 two drachms of white wax, over a flow fire, and ftirring them 

 continually till they be cold. The U. fpcrmal'u ceti of 

 the Dub. Ph. is compofed of half a pound of white wax, 

 a pound of fpermaceti, and three pounds of prepared lard, 

 mixed into an ointment. Thefe ointments form the ordinary 

 dreffings for healing bliftered furfaces and excoriations. 



U. citrinum is a mercurial ointment. See U. nitrath 

 hydrargyri fortius, infra. 



U. dialthiea. See DlALTH/EA. 



U. elemi compofitum, compound ointment of elemi of the 

 Lond. Ph., is compofed of a pound of elemi, ten ounces 

 of common turpentine, two pounds of prepared fuet, and 

 two fluid ounces of olive oil. The elemi is melted with 

 the fuet ; then removed from the fire, and mixed immediately 

 with the turpentine and the oil ; and then the mixture is 

 drained through a linen cloth. The U- elemi of the Dub. 

 Ph. confifts of a pound of elemi refin, half a pound of white 

 wax, and four pounds of prepared hog's-lard : thefe are 

 formed into an ointment, which is to be llrained through 

 a fieve while it is hot. Thefe ointments are ftimulant and 

 digeftive : they are ufed to keep open iifues and fetons ; 

 and as a dreffing to ulcers whicli do not admit of the appli- 

 cation of the adhefivc {traps. 



U. emoUiens, or emollient ointment, may be ma<le by taking 

 of palm oil, two pounds; of olive oil, a pint and a half; 

 of yellow wax, half a pound ; and of Venice turpentine, 

 a quarter of a pound ; melting the wax in the oils over a 

 gentle fire, then mixing in the turpentine, and flraining the 

 ointment. This fupplies tlie place of althaea ointment, and 

 may be ufed for anointing inflamed parts, &c. 



U. epifpaflicum. See U. veficaiorium, infra. 



U. hydrargyri fortius, or ftrong mercurial ointment of the 

 Lond. Ph., is prepared by firll rubbing two pounds of pu- 

 rified mercury with an ounce of prepared fuet, and a fmall 

 quantity of twenty-three ounces of prepared lard, until the 

 globules difappcar, and then adding the remainder of the 

 f.it and mixing. Two drachms of this ointment contain one 

 drachm of mercury. 



U. hydrargyri, or vulgarly, U. caruleum, Edinb., mer- 

 curial ointment, is compounded of one part of mercury, 

 one part of mutton fuet, and three parts of hog's-lard ; and 

 it is formed by rubbing the mercury diligcritly in a mortar 

 with a little of tlie hog's-lard until the globules difappear, 

 then adding the remainder of the lard. One drachm of this 

 ointment contains twelve grains of mercury. It may alfo 

 be made with double or triple the quantity of mercury. 

 The Dublin College dircAs equal parts of purified mercury 

 and prepared hog's-lard to be rubbed together in a marble 

 or iron mortar, until the globules difappear. One drachm 

 of this ointment contains thirty grains of mercury. 



£/. hydrargyri mitius of the LonJ. and Dub. Ph., milder 

 mercurial omtment, is prepared by taking of the llrongcr mer- 

 curial ointment, a pound ; and prepared lard, two pounds ; 

 and mixing them. One drachm of this ointment conlaiiib 



ten grains of mercury' ; but prepared according to the 

 Dub. Ph., with two parts of lard to one of mercury, one 

 drachin contains a fcruple of mercury. The preparation 

 of the ftronger mercurial ointments requires much labour, 

 care, and patience. 



When newly prepared, mercurial ointment has a liaht 

 grey or blueifli colour, owing to its containing fome unox- 

 idized metal, which feparates in globules when it is liquefied 

 by a gentle heat : wlien kept for fome time, the colour is 

 much deepened, and lefs metallic mercury fubfrdes, owing 

 to the more complete oxidizement of the metal. It is pro- 

 bable, therefore, that long kept mercurial ointment contains, 

 befides the oxyd, a febate of mercury. 



The fi;rong mercurial ointment rubbed upon the (kin is 

 the ordinary mode of introducing a large quantity of oxyd 

 of mercury into the fyftem. About 5j is rubbed upon the 

 infide of the thighs, or any other part of the body where 

 the cuticle is thin, every night and morning until the fyftem 

 is affefted. The oxyd contained in the ointment is ab- 

 forbed during the friftion, and carried into the habit ; where 

 it produces the fame effefts as arife from taking the remedy 

 by the mouth, without the unpleafant affeftion of the bowels 

 that very commonly follows the introduflion of preparations 

 of mercury into the ftomach. In order, however, to pro- 

 duce the full effeft of the friction, it muft be continued until 

 every particle of the ointment difappears ; and the operation 

 (hould be performed by the patient himfelf. The ftronger 

 mercurial ointment is ufed in this form as an antifyphilitic, 

 as a deobftruent in hepatic affeftions, and to excite the abforb- 

 ents in hydrocephalus. The weaker ointment is ufed only 

 as a topical dreffing in venereal fores. During a courfe of 

 mercurials the patient (hould be kept in a moderately warm 

 and dry, but airy chamber ; and his diet (hould be chiefly 

 weak broths, milk, and gruel. 



The following table, extradled from Thomfon's Difpen- 

 fatory, exhibits the quantity of mercury contained in each 

 of the dilFerent ointments ordered by the Britifh colleges. 



r i_ T 1 fftronsfer oint. contains of mere, 

 ot the Lond. < ,° 



(^weaker oint. 



of tlie Edin. common oint. 



f ftronger oint. 



^weaker oint. ■ 



of the Dub. 



30 grs. 



10 



12 



30 

 20 



U. oxidi hydrargyri cinerei, or ointment of grey oxyd of 

 mercury, Edinb. is prepared by mixing one part of grey 

 oxyd of mercury with three parts of hog's-lard. 



U. hydrargyri nitratis, or ointment of nitrate of mercury 

 of the Lond. Ph., is compofed of an ounce of purified mer- 

 cury, two fluid-ounces of nitric acid, fix ounces of pre- 

 pared lard, and four fluid-ounces of olive oil ; and ia pre- 

 pared by firft diflolving the mercury in tlie acid, then 

 mixing the folution, while it is hot, with the lard and oil 

 melted together. 



U. nilralis hydrargyri fortius, vulgo U. citrinum of Edinb. 

 Ph., is obtained by diftolving one part of purified mercury 

 in two parts of nitrous acid ; then beating up the folution 

 ftrongly with the lard and oil previoufly melted together, 

 and nearly cold, in a glafs mortar, fo as to form an 

 ointment. 



U. fupernilralis hydrargyri of Dub. Ph. is prepared by 

 diffolving an ounce of purified mercury in two ounces by 

 weight of nitrous acid ; then mixing tlie folution vvith the 

 oil and lard previoufly melted together, and forming an oint- 

 ment in the fame manner as the ointment of nitrous acid. 



U. nitratis hydrargyri mitius, or milder ointment of nitrate 



of mercury of Edinb. Ph., is made in the fame manner as llio 



ftronger ointment, with a triple proportion of oil and lard. 



3 A 2 Thii 



