U N I 



It has "been much lamented by many, eminently learned 

 and ftriftly confcientious, members of the church, both 

 clergy and laity, that the obligation to fubfcribe affcnt 

 and confent to a variety of articles of faith and forms of 

 worfhip, of doubtful and difputable evidence and utihty, 

 enjoined and enforced by the AA of Uniformity, (lioiUd 

 ftill remain as an indifpenfable condition of obtaining 

 honourable and ufeful offices both in the church and (late,; 

 more cfpecially at a period when liberal fentiments, with 

 regard to controverfial fubjefts, are generally eritertained 

 both by clergy and laity ; when the right of private judg- 

 ment and free inquiry is univcrfally acknowledged ; and 

 when the governors of the church and the legiflature of the 

 ftate feem difpofed to uphold and promote the interefts of 

 religious liberty. Attempts have been made to widen the 

 door of admiffion into the church, and to remove the im- 

 pediments that lie in the way of advancement to civil offices 

 of truft and profit. Hitherto they have proved ineffeftual ; 

 but when it (hall be perceived that neither the eftablithed 

 reHgion of the country nor the fafety of the ftate can fuffer 

 any detriment from a greater latitude in this refpeft, fcru- 

 pulous confciences will be reheved, the church wiil gain an 

 acceffion of ornament and fupport, and an union of many 

 interefts and fervices give ftrength and ilability to the 

 conftitution and government of the country. On the ge- 

 neral fubjcft which has now engaged attention, different 

 opinions have been maintained ; and the Editor hopes that 

 the candid reader will find them impartially ftated, as far as 

 the limits of this work allow, under the articles Church, 

 Clekgy, Liturgy, Religion, Subscription, Test, To- 

 leration, &c. &c. 



UNIGENITUS, called alfo the Confttutlon^ in Ecchft- 

 aflkal H'ljlory, a famous bull, deriving its denomination from 

 the firft word of it, wiiich was iffued in 17 13 by pope Cle- 

 ment XI., and in whi-ch Quenel's book, entitled " Moral 

 Refleftions on the New Teftamcnt," was condemned, and 

 a hundred and one propofitions contained in it were pro- 

 nounced heretical. This bull gave a favcMrable turn to the 

 affairs of the Jefuits ; but it was highly detrimental to the 

 interefts of the Romifh church, as many of the wifer mem- 

 bers of that community candidly acknowledge. For it not 

 only confirmed the Proteftants in their feparation, by con- 

 vincing them that the church of Rome was refolved to ad- 

 here to its ancient fuperftitions and corruptions, but alfo 

 offended many of the Roman Catholics, who had no peculiar 

 attachment to the doctrines of Janfenius, againft which this 

 bull was levelled, and were only bent on the purfuit of 

 truth, and the advancement of piety. See Jansenism. 



Tlie diffcnfions and tumults excited in France by this 

 edift were in the higheft degree violent. A confiderable 

 number of bifhops, among whom was the cardinal de No- 

 ailles, archbifhop of Paris, and a large body, compofed of 

 perfons eminently diftinguifticd for their piety and nrudition, 

 both among the clergy and laity, appealed from the bull to 

 a general council ; and hence ihofe who rcjeft the authority 

 of the bull are called appellants ; which fee. However, the 

 iffue of this famous conteft was favourable to the bull, which 

 was at length rendered valid by the authority of the parlia- 

 ment, and was regiftered among the laws of llie ftate. Mo- 

 Ihcim's Eccl. Hill. vol. v. 8vo. 



UNJIGAH, or Peact River, in Geography. See Peace 

 Rhvr. 



UNILOCULAR Capsule, among Botanlfis. Sec 

 Capsule. 



UNIOLA, was fo named by Linnzus, as he himfelf 

 informs us, Phil. Bot, 166, from the union, or rather the 

 aggregation, of feveral glumes in the calyx ; of which, in 



U N I 



Hort. CWff. 23, he fpeaks as the very remarkable charatler 

 of this genus of graftes, one fpecies only of which had thea 

 come under his notice. — Linn. Gen. ^55. Am. Acad. v. 7. 

 195. t. 3. f. 40. Schreb. 49. Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. 406. 

 Mart. Mill. Dift. v. 4. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. i. 159. 

 Pur(h 82. Juff. 32. Beauvois Agroft. 7<\. t. 15. f. 6. 

 Poiret in Lamarck Dift. v. 8. 183. (Bri/.a; Lamarck 

 Illuftr. t. 45. f. 3. ) — Clafs and order, TrianJria Digyn'ui. 

 Nat. Ord. Gramina. 



Gen. Ch. Cat. Glume many-flowered, of from three to 

 fix nearly awl-ftiaped, compreffed, boat-like, minutely- 

 keeled valves, alternately imbricated in two rows, each 

 valve clofely embracing the next, the upper pair largeft, 

 fubtending the many-flowered, ovate, greatly comprclTcd, 

 fharp-cdged fpikelet. Co, ■ of two lanceolate, compreffed 

 valves, refembhng the calyx, but larger, cloven, acute, 

 without awns. Neftary of two wedge-ftiaped cloven fcales. 

 Stam. Filaments three, rarely but one, capillary ; anthers 

 oblong, linear. P'tfl. Germen fuperior, conical ; ftyles 

 two, ereft, fimple ; ftigmas downy. Perk, none, except 

 the permanent corolla. Seed folitary, ovate-oblong, fome- 

 what cylindrical, unconnefted with the corolla. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx of feveral valves, many-flowered. 

 Spikelet ovate, awnlefs, keeled. Seed fomewhat cylin- 

 drical, unconnefted. 



1. \J . pankulata. Panicled Spike-grafs. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 103. Willd. n. I, excluding Caleftjy's fynonym. Piirlh 

 11.2. Muhlenb. Cat. 12. (U. maritima ; Michaux Boreal.- 

 Amer. V. I. 71. Uniola ; Linn. Hort. Cliff. 23. Gramen 

 Ij.vXoiKo^o^ov o|uf uXXov carolinianum ; Pluk. Phyt. t. 32. f. 6.) 

 — Panicle repeatedly compound ; partial ftalks ftiorter than 

 the fpikelets. Calyx of fix valves. Keel of the florets 

 fmooth. Leaves involute. — Native of the fandy fea-lhores 

 of North America, from Virginia to Florida, perennial, 

 flowering in June and July. Purjh. One of the largcft 

 and moft magnificent of graffes. The Jkm is from four to 

 fix feet high, ereft, round, jointed, fmooth, leafy in the 

 lower part, terminating in an ample panicle eighteen inches 

 long, whofe drooping, fmooth, compound branches fpread 

 in every direftion, and bear innumerable, pendent, light 

 brown, or ftraw-coloured, fliining, ovate, very flat fpikelets, 

 full an inch long, half an inch broad ; fome of them nearly 

 feffile. Florets about fourteen ; the inner valve of their 

 corolla a little downy at the edges ; keel of the outer fome- 

 times, though rarely, a little rough, not fringed. 



2. U. lati/olia. Broad-leaved Spike-grafs. Michaux 

 Boreal. -Amer. v. i. 70. Muhlenb. Cat. I2. Purfli n. i. 

 (U. paniculata; Ait. n. i. Gramen myloicophoron oxy- 

 phyllon carohiiianum; Catefb. Car. v. I. t. 32.) — Panicle 

 loofe, with capillary ilalks, moftly longer than the fpikelets. 

 Calyx of three valves. Keel of the florets fringed. Stamen 

 folitary. Leaves lanceolate, flat. — Native of fhady woods 

 among rocks, on the Allegany mountains, perennial, flower- 

 ing in June. Mkhaux, Piirjl. Near Lancafter, Penn- 

 fylvania, flowering in Auguft. Mtihlenburgh. One ol 

 Catcftjy's original Ipccimens, now in our hands, fettles hh 

 fynonym, hitherto always apphcd to the foregoing, and is 

 iiifcribcd, in his hand-writing, as follows. " This odd 

 plant or grafs growed in a rich bottom, by a creek-fide up 

 the weft branch of Sufqueannah river. I obfcrvcd but a 

 little fpot of it in .ill my journey." Nothing can be more 

 diftinft from the real pankulata above defcribed, which is a 

 fea-fide plant. The fpecific charaAers are abundantly clear. 

 The prefcnt is of more flcndcr and lefs elevated growth, 

 with broad, many-ribbed ler.ves, glaucous beneath. Panulg 

 capillary, much lefs branched. Spikclels green or glaucous, 

 of fewer and broader Jleftts, wliicb, aecording to Michaux, 



3 B 2 ire 



