U N I 



U N 1 



are monandrous : their keel is rough witli fhort hairs, as 

 well as fringed more or lefs with longer ones. The calyx 

 confifts of three unequal valves. 



3. U. racemofa. Jamaica Spike-grafs. — Clufter cylin- 

 drical, compound- Spikelets nearly feflile. Calyx of 

 about four valves. Keel of the florets minutely downy. 

 Leaves involute, taper-pointed — Gathered in Jamaica by 

 Mr. Maffon, one of whofe fpecimens was communicated, 

 probably by fir Jofeph Banks, to the younger Linnaeus. 

 We know not how fo line a fpecies of this elegant genus 

 efcaped the notice of Dr. Swartz. It has the afpeA of a 

 fea-fide grafs, having a very ftout Jlem, leafy to the very 

 fummit. Tlie leaves are involute, rigid, with a long very 

 flender point, and broad Iheathing bafe, crowned with a 

 hairy Jl'tpula : the upper ones, two feet in length , rife high 

 above tlie flowers. The panicle is terminal, foUtary, cylin- 

 drical, fix inches long, with numerous, fliort, toothed, 

 fimple, downy, many-flowered brunches, each bearing fix 

 or eight alternate, nearly feflile, flat, ovate fpikclets, half an 

 inch long, variegated with green and white. The Jlorets 

 are about twelve, ovate, comprefled, finely downy at the 

 edges and keel, having three green ribs at each fide extend- 

 ing half way down from their point. 



4. U. mucronata. Pointed Spike-grafs. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 104. Willd. n. 2. — " Spike two-ranked. Spikelets ovate. 

 Calyx fomewhat awned." — Native of the Eaft; Indies. 

 £urmann. Stem a foot high, fmooth. Leaves narrow, 

 fmooth, with ftriated (heaths. Spiie of eleven or twelve 

 /pikelets, which are alternate, in two rows, nearly feflile, 



ovate, fmooth, feven-flowercd. The calyx is fo much 

 pointed as to be aimed awned. Liniiiius. We have feen 

 no fpecimen. The defcription was probably made from 

 Burmann's herbarium. 



5. U. fpicata. Two-ranked Spike-grafs. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 104. Willd. n. 3. Bigelow Boft;. 23. Ait. n. 2. 

 ( Feftuca diftichophylla ; Michaux Boreal.-Amer. v. i. 67. 

 Purlh 84, excluding the reference to Plukenet. ) — Spike 

 unilateral, denfe. Spikelets tumid, feflile, fmooth. Leaves 

 involute, pointed, rigid. — Native of fait meadows in North 

 America ; common along the coaft from Canada to Florida ; 

 perennial, flowering in July and Auguft. Purjh. The 



Jlem is much branched, and thickly clothed with rigid, pun- 

 gent, fmooth, Iheathing, alternate leaves, two or three 

 inches long, rifing above the f pikes, which are terminal, 

 folitary, feflile, about an inch in length. Each /pikelet 

 confiits of four or five broad clofe Jlorets, and the two prin- 

 cipal calyx-valves are fometimes accompanied by one or two 

 fmaller external glumes, which may excufe Linnxus for 

 placing this fpecies here, but we confefs it to be a bad 

 Uniola. Plukenet's t. 33. f. 4, cited doubtingly by Purfli, 

 bears much refemblance to our plant, but is an Englirti 

 Triticum ! 



6. U. gracilis. Slender Spike-grafs. Michaux Boreal.- 

 Amer. V. I. 71. Purlh n. 3. (Holcus laxus ; Linn. Sp. 

 PI. i486. Willd. Sp. Pl.'v. 4. 934.)— " Panicle elon- 

 gated, fomewhat fpiked, with Ihort clofe-prefled branches. 

 Spikelets nearly feflile. Florets monandrous, divaricated, 

 pointed, fmooth. Calyx of three valves. Leaves flattifli ; 

 tlieir flieaths fmooth and comprefled, like the ftem." — In 

 fliady rocky fituations, from Virginia to Georgia ; perennial, 

 flowering in July. Pur/h. Linnaeus compares the habit of 

 the grafs to ^ira, or Melica, ciirulea. The /lems are weak, 

 two feet high, a Httle drooping. 



Labillardiere, Nov. HoU. v. I. 21. t. 24, has an U. 

 d/lichophyUa, very nearly related to our /picata, but referred 

 to Poa by Mr. Brown, Prodr, Nov. Holl. v. i. 182. 



UNION, a junction, coalition, or afleniblage of two or 



more diflTercnt things in one. Philofophers are nluch pei'- 

 plexed in accounting for the manner of the union of foul and 

 body, or by what medium it is that two fuch heterogeneous 

 beings are kept clofely together. 



It is one of the great laws of this union, that fuch and 

 fuch an impreflion on the brain be followed by fuch and fuch 

 a fenfation, or perception, in the foul. 



Union, in a philofophical fenfe, is ufed by Dr. Grew 

 for one of the three ways of mixture ; being the joining to- 

 gether of atoms, or infenfible particles, fo as to touch in a 

 plane ; as is fuppofed to be the cafe in the cryftallizations 

 of falls and the hke bodies. 



Union, among Painters, exprefles a fymmetry and agree- 

 ment between the feveral parts of a painting ; when, e. gr. 

 there is a confiderable degree of relation and connexion be- 

 tween them, both as to the figuring and llie colouring ; fo 

 that they appai-ently confpire to form one thing. 



Union, in ArchiteSure, may denote a harmony between 

 the colours in the materials of a building. 



Union, in an ecclefiaftical fenfe, denotes a Combining or 

 confolidating of two or more churches into one. 



This is not to be done without the confent both of the 

 bifliop, the patron, and the incumbent. 



The canonifts diftinguifh three kinds of union ; that of 

 accej/ion, that of con/u/ion, and that of equality. 



Union 0/ Accej/on is the moft ufual ; by this the united 

 benefice becomes a member, and acceflbry of the principal. 



Union by Con/ujion, is that where the two titles are 

 fupprefled, and a new one created, including both. 



Union 0/ Equality, is that where the two titles fubfift, 

 but are equal and independent. 



The union or conlolidation of churches ought to be 

 founded upon good canonical reafons ; and the principal 

 reafons affigned by the canon law are, for hofpitality, near- 

 nefs of the places, want of inhabitants, poverty or fmallnefs 

 of the living. Thefe feveral circumftances mufl be inquired 

 into before the union ; and fome, or all of them, are recited 

 in the preamble to the aft of union. 



In fuch cafe, by the common law of the realm, the or- 

 dinaries, patrons, and incumbents, may make a confolidation 

 or union of the two churches into one. (i Salk. 165. 

 Hughes, c. 28.) Moreover, in fuch cafe, it is faid, that 

 the confent of the king is not at all neceffary, although he 

 hath an intereft in the churches in the cafe of lapfe. For 

 by the ancient canon law, the licence of the pope was not 

 neceflary ; nor has the hcence of the king been thought ne- 

 ceflary fince the reformation. In fome inftances, however, 

 it has been defired and obtained for the greater caution. 

 Cro. Eliz. 500. Gibfon. Watfon. 



By llat. 37 Hen. VIII. c. 21. it is enafted, that an 

 union or confoUdation of two churches, or of a church and 

 chapel, into one, may be admitted, pro\nded the annual value 

 of one of them, in the king's books, doth not exceed 6/., 

 and the diftance between them be not above one mile. 



This union fuppofes the aflent of the ordinary and or- 

 dinaries of the diocefe where fuch churches and chapels 

 fl;and, and the alfent of the incumbents of them, and of all 

 fueh as have a juft; right, title, and intereil to the patronage 

 of the fame churches and chapels, being then of full age. 

 This union fliall be available in the law, to continue for 

 ever ; provided that where the inhabitants of any fuch poor 

 parifli, or the more part of them, within one year next after 

 the union or confolidation of the fame parifli by their writing 

 fufficient in the law, fliall affure the incumbent of the faid 

 parifli, for the yearly payment of fo much money as with 

 the fum that the faid parifli is rated and valued at in the 

 court of firil fruits and tenths, fliall amount to the full fum 



of 



