U N 1 



of 8/., to be levied and paid yearly by the faid inhabitants 

 to the faid incumbent and his fuccefl'ors ; all fuch unions 

 or confohdations made of any fuch poor parifh as aforefaid, 

 Ihall be void and of none effcft. 



By the fame ilatute, it is provided, that all unions and 

 confolidations, to be made of any church or chapel within 

 any city or town corporate, without the aflent of the mayor, 

 ftieriffs, and commonalty ot fuch city, or without the aflent 

 of the body corporate of other towns corporate, by the 

 names of their corporations in writing under their common 

 feal, (hall be void. 



By 21 Hen. VIII. c. 13. C 9. if any pcrfon having one 

 benefice with cure, of the yearly value of 8/., or above, take 

 any other with cure, and be indufted in poifenion of the 

 fame ; then immediately after fuch pofTefriDn, the firft bene- 

 fice (hall be void. And by f. 10. it (hall be lawful for the 

 patron to prefent ; any licence, union, or other difpenfation, 

 to the contrary thereof notwithftanding. By which word 

 ?inion there is meant not a perpetual, but a temporary union 

 during the life of an incumbent. ^ Gibf. Cod. 970. art. 7.) 

 And this is there clearly proved, firil by the words of the 

 union, and alfo by tiie cafe of Page v. Bp. of London. 

 Cro. El. 719, 720. 



And by another'ftat. 17 Car. II. c. 3. it is cnafted, that 

 tlie union of two churches, or chapels, in any city or town, 

 by the bifhop, patron, and chief magiftrate of the town, 

 (hall be valid, unlefs the value of the churches fo united ex- 

 ceed 100/. 



By the union the two churches are become fo much one, 

 that a fecond benefice may be taken by difpenfation within 

 the ftatute of pluralities. (Cro. Eliz. 720. Gibfon 920. 1 

 If any queflion arife concerning the union, after it is etla- 

 bliflicd, this may not be tried in the temporal, but only in 

 the fpiritual court ; unlefs it be fuch union as is retrained 

 by the aforefaid ftatutes. Watf. c. 16. 



Union, Hypojlatical. See Hvi'ostaticaj,. 



Union, or 'The Union, by way of eminence, is more par- 

 ticularly ufed, among us, to cxprefs the adl by which the 

 two feparate kingdoms of England and Scotland were in- 

 corporated into one, under the title of the Kingdom of Great 

 Britain. 



The kingdom of Scotland, notwithftanding the union of 

 the crowns on the accefllon of tiieir king James VI. to that 

 of England in 1603, continued an entirely feparate and dif- 

 tinft kingdom for above a century more, though an union 

 had been long projeAed ; which was judged to be the more 

 eafy to be done, as both kingdoms were anciently under the 

 fame government, and flill retained a very great refemblance, 

 though far from an identity, in their laws. By an aft of 

 parliament ( i Jac. I. cap. i.) it is declared, that there two 

 mighty, famous, and ancient kingdoms, were formerly one. 

 And fir Edward Coke obfcrves, how marvellous a con- 

 formity there was, not only in the religion and language of 

 the two nations, but alfo in their ancient laws, the detcent 

 of the crown, tlieir parliaments, their titles of nobility, 

 their officers of flate and of juflice, their writs, their cuf- 

 toms, and even the language of their laws : upon which 

 account he fuppofes the common law of e.icii to have been 

 originally the lame. However, fir Edward Coke, and the 

 politicians of that time, conceived great difficulties in carry- 

 ing on the projefted union ; but thefe were at length over- 

 come, and the great work was happily effeftcd in the year 

 1707, by the general confent of the queen, and the cllatcs 

 of each realm. 



The aft or treaty of union confiftg of twenty-five arti- 

 cles ; which eleven Englifh commiflloncrs, and eleven Scotch 



U N I 



ones, examined, approved, and figned on the 3d of Auguft 

 1 706. The parhament of Scotland approved it on tiae 4th 

 of February 1707, and the parliament of England on the 

 10th of March in the fame year. On the 17th following 

 the queen went to parliament, where (lie approved the fame 

 treaty, with the aft of ratification. 



The purport of the moft confiderable articles is as fol- 

 lows : I. That on the ill of May, 1707, and for ever after 

 the kingdoms of England and Scotland (hall be united into 

 one kingdom, by the name of Great Britain. 2. The fuc- 

 ceflion to the monarchy of Great Britain (hall be the fame 

 as was before fettled with regard to that of England. 

 3. The united kingdom (hall be reprefented by one parlia- 

 ment. 4. There (liall be a communication of all rights and 

 privileges between the fubjefts of both kingdoms, except 

 where it is otherwife agreed. 9. When England raifes 

 2,000,000/. by a land-tax, Scotland fliall raife 48,000/. 

 16, 17. The ftandards of the coin, of weights and meafures, 

 (hall be reduced to thofe of England throughout the united 

 kingdoms. 18. The laws relating to trade, cufloms, and 

 the excife, (hall be the fame in Scotland as in England, 

 But all the other laws in Scotland fhall remain in force, but 

 alterable by the parliament of Great Britain ; yet with this 

 caution, that laws relating to pubhc policy are alterable at 

 the difcretion of the parliament ; laws relating to private 

 right are not to be altered, but for the evident utihty of the 

 people of Scotland. 22. Sixteen peers are to be cliofen to 

 reprefent the peerage of Scotland in parliament, and forty- 

 five members to fit in the houfe of commons. 23. The 

 fixteen peers of Scotland fhall have all privileges of parlia- 

 ment ; and all peers of Scotland fhall be peers of Great 

 Britain, and rank next after thofe of the fame degree at the 

 time of the union, and (liall have all privileges of peers, 

 except fitting in the houfe of lords, and voting on the trial 

 of a peer. 



Thefe are the principal of the twenty-five articles of 

 union, which are ratified and confirmed by ilatute 5 Anne, 

 cap. 8. in which flatutc there are alfo two afts of parliament 

 recited ; the one of Scotland, by which the church of Scot- 

 land, and all the four univerfities of that kingdom, are 

 cllablilhed for ever, and all fucceeding fovereigns are to 

 take an oath inviolably to maintain the fame ; the other of 

 England, 5 Anne, cap. 6. by which tiie afts of uniformity 

 of 13 Eliz. and 13 Car. IT. (except as the fame had been 

 altered by parliament at that time), and all other afts then in 

 force for the prefervation of the church of England, be 

 declared perpetual ; and it is ftipulated, that every fubfe- 

 quent ki[ig and queen fliall take an oath inviolably to main- 

 tain the fame within England, Ireland, Wales, and the town 

 of Berwick-upon-Tweed ; and it is cnafted, that thefe two 

 afts (liall for ever be obferved as fundamental and effential 

 conditions of the union. 



The great officers of the crown of Scotland, before the 

 union, were, the lord high chancellor, lord high treafurer, 

 or treafurer, lord privy feal, and lord rcgifter, or fecrctary. 

 Their lefs officers of (late were, the lord rcgifler, lord ad- 

 vocate, lord treafurer depute, and lord juflice clerk. 



Since the union, the officers of (late in Scotland are the 

 keeper of the great feal, lord privy feal, lord rej^>;iller, lord 

 vice-admiral, lord juflice general, lord prefident, lord cliief 

 baron of the excliequer, lord advocate, lord juflice clerk, 

 lord high conflable, heretable royal flandard bearer, knight 

 marcfchal, heretable keeper of the king's houfhold, heretable 

 carver, and heretable ufher of the wliite rod. The privy coun- 

 cil of Scotland is funk in the parliament and privy council of 

 Great Britain, and tlie civil and crinuiiol caufes are cliiefly 



2 cognizable 



