U N I 



tinct animals, having very diftinft powers. In order to 

 alcertain this, I took, the fpurs of hen chickens, and placed 

 them on the legs of young cocks. I found that thoie which 

 took root grew nearly as fall, and to as large a fize as the 

 natural fpur on the other leg, which appeared to be a con- 

 tradiftion to my former experiments. Upon another exa- 

 mination of my hens, however, I found that the fpurs had 

 grown confiderably, although they had taken feveral years 

 to do it ; for I found that the fame quantity of growth in 

 the fpur of the cock, while on the cock, during one year, 

 was as much as that of the cock's fpur on the hen in the courfe 

 of three or four years ; or as three or four to one." Mr. 

 Hunter alfo infertcd a human tooth into the comb of a 

 cock, and there are preparations in his mufeum, fully proving 

 that a vafcular union was formed between thefe parts, as the 

 membrane of the cavity of the tooth is feen beautifully co- 

 loured with red injetlion. The fame diftingui(hed obferver 

 likewife undertook experiments, with a view of learning 

 whether the tefticles of the cock would unite to the inner 

 furface of the peritoneum of the abdomen of the hen. The 

 attempt often failed ; but four fpecimcns are prefcrved in his 

 mufeum, marked N° 54, 5, 6, and 7, in which a vafcular 

 union has aftually taken place ; and in which, though the fize 

 of the tefticles does not appear to have received any addition 

 after their attachment to the parietes of the abdomen of the 

 hen, ftill their vitality had been completely preferved by the 

 communication of blood-veflels which had been formed. 



The experiment of engrafting the parts of one animal 

 upon another, has been frequently performed on the human 

 body in the well-known praftice of tranfplanting teeth. 

 That a vafcular reunion may take place between the velTols 

 of the tooth and thofe of the focket, feems proved by the 

 experiments of Mr. Hunter and Mr. A. Cooper, in which 

 the vefTels of the membrane lining the cavity of the tooth, 

 and probably the only veffels which the tooth has, were 

 filled from the veffels of the comb, into which the tooth had 

 been inferted. 



From fome fafts related in the article Cranium, how- 

 ever, it appear?, that if a dead tooth, or, in other words, one 

 that has been for a long time pulled, be inferted into the 

 comb of a cock, it will adhere, as well as a living or recently 

 pulled tooth. The ingenious author of that article had 

 feen an example of a dead tooth adhering firmly in the 

 comb of a cock, where it had been placed by the late 

 Mr. Moore, a dentift and lefturer in London. It is known, 

 alfo, that a tooth dead in every refpeft may be fixed with- 

 out any external mechanical means in the hving focket, fo 

 as not only to remain there for months, or for years, but to 

 become fo firmly fixed as not to admit of being readily 

 pulled out, and to ferve very well for the purpofe of mafti- 

 cation. Profeffor Thomfon informs us, that this faft was 

 firft mentioned by M. Fauchard, and the obfervation has 

 been confirmed by cafes, related by M. Bourdet in his book 

 on the Art of the Dentil!, p. 199. The union of the dead 

 tooth to the living focket muft be effcfted in all probability 

 by the contraftion of the focket around the inequalities of 

 the fang and neck of the tooth ; for the art of fixing a dry 

 tooth principally confifts in making feveral notches on its 

 root with a file, before it is introduced into the focket. 

 Bourdet remarks, that though this operation often fuc- 

 ceeds, it does fo lefs frequently than the tranfplantation of 

 frefh teeth. 



If we exclude from confideration the tranfplantation of 

 teeth, the inftances of the reunion of parts which have been 

 entirely feparated, are very rare in the human body ; fo 

 rare indeed, fays Dr. Thomfon, that moft practitioners flill 

 treat with difbelief and ridicule the few inftances which 



U N I 



have been put upon record. But, he properly obfervcs, 

 that the different fa£ts which have been learned refpecting 

 the tranfplantation of the teeth, together with the experi- 

 ments of Duhamel and Mr. Hunter, prove indifputably 

 the poffibility of parts being reunited, which have bee.T 

 completely feparated from the animal fyftem, to which they 

 belonged, and in which the circulation of the blood mull 

 neceffarily have ceafed for a time. The reader will find a 

 variety of cafes, proving the accuracy of this llatement, col- 

 lefted in profeffor Thomfon's valuable Lectures on Inflam- 

 mation, p. 239, &c. It is to be acknowledged, at the fame 

 time, that when furgeons have attempted to reunite parts 

 which had been entirely feparated from the body, they have 

 generally failed. But (liould the part retain the conneftion 

 of only a few fibres, before it is replaced for the purpofe of 

 union, the circumftance makes an important difference ; and 

 union is then more frequently accompliflied. The writer of 

 this article was lately informed of a cafe, m which an ear, 

 entirely feparated, with the exception of a very llender piece 

 of flcin, was fuccefsfully reunited to the head again. 



For moft of the preceding obfervations, we are indebted 

 to profeffor Thomfon's Leftures, a work which difplays a 

 profound knowledge of all the moft important doftrines oi 

 furgery. 



Some additional obfervations on union by the firft inten- 

 tion, and on the bell means of promoting it, will be founti 

 in the article Wounds. 



Union, in Geography, one of the Grenadine iflands, in 

 the Weft Indies. N. lat. 12° 30'. W. long, 61° 20'. 



Union, a town of America, in the diftritt of Maine and 

 county of Lincoln, containing 1 266 inhabitants ; 50 milei 



N.E. of Brunfwick Alfo, a town of the ftate of Con- 



nedicut, in the county of Tolland, containing 752 in- 

 habitants; 12 miles E. of Tolland. — Alfo, a village of 

 New York, in the townfhip of Naffau, and county of 

 Rcnffelaer, fituated on the turnpike road to New Lebanon, 

 ili miles about S.E. from Albany; with 50 houfes and 

 ftores, a church, and a poft-ofiice of the fame name, and in- 

 corporated as a village. — Alfo, a village of New York, in 

 Greenwich, Wafhington county, fituated on the Battenkill, 

 34 miles N. of Albany, and incorporated as a village ; con- 

 taining 48 houfes and ftores, two meeting-houfes, an aca- 

 demy, two extenfive cotton, and 12 woollen manufaftures, 

 feveral mills, a trip-hammer, a manufaftory of files and of 

 caft-fteel, and about 500 inhabitants. — Alfo, a village of 

 Albany county, in the townfhip of Bern, 2 1 miles from 

 Albany, on the road to Schoharie, from which it is diftant 

 14 miles. It contains about 26 dwellings, feveral ftores, &c. 

 and a Prefbyterian meeting-houfe. — Alfo, a village of New 

 York, in Chnton county, pleafantly fituated on a handfome 

 plain, in the townfhip of Para, 3 miles N. of the bridge 

 acrofs the Table river ; ijo miles N. of Albany ; in which 

 are a poft-office, 45 houfes and ftores, a Quaker meeting- 

 houfe, and fome other buildings. — Alfo, a town of Effex 

 county, in New Jerfey, containing 1428 inhabitants. — 

 Alfo, a townfhip of Berks county, in Pennfylvania, con- 

 taining 766 inhabitants. — Alfo, a townfhip of Huntingdon 

 county, in Pennfylvania, containing 706 inhabitants. — Alio, 

 a townfhip of Fayette county, containing 1821 inhabitants. 

 — Alfo, a townfhip of Mifflin county, Pennfylvania, con- 

 taining 1 1 14 inhabitants. — Alfo, a townfhip of Belmont 

 county, in Ohio, containing 1514 inhabitants. — Alfo, a 

 townfhip of Champaign county, in Ohio, containing 861 in- 

 habitants. — Alfo, a townfhip of Delaware county, in Ohio, 

 containing 165 inhabitants. — Alfo, a townfhip of Fayette 

 county, in Ohio, containing 503 inhabitants. — Alio, a 

 townfhip in Gallia county, Ohio, containing 367 inha- 

 bitants. 



