U N I 



UNI 



two cKoir houfes, one for the fingle Brethren, and one for 

 tlie fingle Siilcrs ; one at Leoniinller, in Herefordshire ; 

 one at Briftol, where are houfes for the fingle Brethren and 

 aiders, to which belongs that at Kingfwood ; oiio at Bath ; 

 one at Tcthcrton, in Wiltfhire, to which the chapel at 

 Malmefbury belongs : a congregation was alfo coUefted, in 

 J 759' <•* Havcrfordweft, in Pembrokcfhire. Befides thefe 

 congregations, the Brethren have chapels in feveral parts of 

 England ; -viz. at Appcrly, in Gloucellerlhire ; Frome, in 

 Somerfetfhire ; Plymouth, in Devonfhire ; Eden and Cul- 

 worth, in Northamptonfliire. 



The wild entluifiafm of this feft forms as Angular a con- 

 trail with the wifdom and perfeverance of their attempts to 

 convert and civilize the heathens, as the fmallnefs of their 

 own numbers does with the variety and diltant fcenes of 

 their miflionary undertaking?. Their numbers did not ex- 

 ceed 600, when they firft began their attempt to convert 

 the heathens ; and, in the period of eight or nine years, 

 they fent milfionaries to Greenland, to St. Thomas's, to 

 St. Croix, to Surinam, to the Rio de Berbice, to the In- 

 dians of North America, to the negroes of South Carolina, 

 to Lapland, to Tartary, to Algiers, to Guinea, to the 

 Cape of Good Hope, and to the ifland of Ceylon. We cannot 

 follow Dr. Brown {iil/i infra) through his details of thefe mif- 

 iions, which he has derived from the well-known works of 

 Crantz, and the periodical accounts. In Greenland, where 

 they have three fettlements, viz. at New Hernliuth, Lichten- 

 fels, and Lichtenau, the number of Chriftians, in the year 

 1 8 10, was 998 ; but it appears to be dimini(hing, not fomuch 

 from their defeftion to Paganifm, as from a general decreaie 

 in the population of this inhofpitable region. In St. Thomas's, 

 where their number, in 1812, was 2285, and St. Croix, where 

 they have three congregations, confiding in 1812 of 844.3 P^''" 

 fons, they have been favoured by the ruling powers, and have 

 been very fuccefsful ; in Jamaica, their undertaking has been 

 viewed with jealoufy, and they have made little progrefs ; 

 while in Antigua they have eftabliflied the mod flouriihing of 

 all their miflions, and reckon 1 i,824mcmbersof their different 

 congregations. Their efforts on the continent of y^merica, 

 both North and South, have been almoff- uniformly unpro- 

 fperous ; at Berbice the fettlement was broken up in 1 763, by 

 a rebellion of the negroes ; at Hope, on the river Corcntyn, in 

 Surinam, after feveral partial calamities, they were difperfed 

 in i8o8, in confcquence of tlieburningof their fettlement; and 

 at Bambey and Paramaribo their edabliffimcnts appeir to be 

 on the point of diffolution. The miffions to North America 

 have been almod without exception difadrous. However, 

 they have live fettlements among the Indians. 



Their late miffions, excepting the one that went to the 

 Cape, appear to have been undertaken with very little pru- 

 dence, and attended with no fuccefs. In the year 1812, 

 according to an edimate by Mr. Latrobe, they had 33 fettle- 

 ments among the heathen, under whofe care were 27,000 

 converts. From the account given of their method of con- 

 verfion, it fhould feem that argument and evidence have no- 

 thing to do with it ; fince they never enter into any difcuf- 

 fions concerning the fever.nl truths or doftrints of religion, 

 till the favagcs appear to ielieve in Chrijl, and to feel the 

 transforming influence of the gofpel on their hearts r.iid 

 lives. Stripped of its technical language, tlie meaning of 

 this ftatement is that the paffions, and not tlic judgment, 

 are the channel by which conviftion is brought to tlie mind j 

 and that converfion muff begin by exciting terror or fym- 

 pathy, before any knowledge of the caufe of either can be 

 acquired. The ultimate cffeft, however, is good, though 

 the procefs is abfurd ; and perhaps no alternative prcfents 

 itfelf but that of beginning, like the Quakers in America, 

 with cultivating the underftajiding before the evidence of 



Chriftianity is propofed to it ; or operating by impaflloned 

 oratory and awful denunciations, on thofe feelings and fyra- 

 pathies which man in every condition carries within him, and 

 which are even mod powerful where the lead of intelleftual 

 culture exids. 



For other particulars relating to the fentiments, difcipline, 

 mode of worffiip, &c. of the Unitas Frntrum, we muft 

 refer to Crantz's Ancient and Modern Hidory of the 

 Brethren, 8vo. publidied in 1780, by the Rev. B. La- 

 trobe ; and to a Concife Hiitorical Account of the prefent 

 Conditution of the Unitas Fratrum, translated from a work 

 entitled Neuede Religions Gefchichte, by Dr. Walch, of 

 Goettingen, and publidied in 1775, by Mr. Latrobe. See 

 alfo Crantz's Hidory of Greenland, &c. pubhflied in 2 vols. 

 8vo. 1767. A Succind View of the Miffions edabliflied 

 among the Heathen by the Church of the Brethren, in a 

 I..etter to a Friend, by M. Latrobe, in 1771 ; and a Brief 

 Account of the Miffion edabliflied among the Efquimaux 

 Indians, on the Coad of Labrador, in 1774. Brown'; 

 Hidory of the Propagation of Chridianity among the 

 Heathen, fince the Reformation, 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1817. 



UNITE, in the Manege. See Union. 



UNITED Affection. See Affection. 



United Floivers, in Botany and Vegetal!; Phyjiology, are 

 fuch as are furnidied wnth damcns and pidils 111 the fame 

 flower. This term has been thought more commodious and 

 unexceptionable, in Englirti, than any tranflation of the 

 Greek f^uc4(p^oJ.1o-, however jud and proper the latter may 

 be in fcientific or learned works. Mod flowers come under 

 the above defcription, the feparation of the damens and 

 pidils, either in didindt flowers on the fame plant, or upon 

 different plants, of the fame fpecies, being far lefs common. 

 Such a feparation, however, when it does occur, prefents 

 one of the drongcd evidences in favour of the Linnaean 

 doftrine of impregnation ; and decidedly refutes the opinion 

 of Tourncfoi-t, that the anthers were dedined to carry off 

 excrementitious matter from the germen and young feeds, 

 as the kidneys of animals fccrete urine. The reniform 

 drufture of the anthers, in many cafes, may offer an apology, 

 it ciimot be called a reafon, in favour of fuch a doArine. 

 See Fecuiv;hatio.<j of Plants. 



The advantage of the union of both organs of impregna- 

 tion in the fame flower, as vegetables are not endowed witU 

 voluntary motion, is obvious. But nature fecms occa- 

 iionally under fome difadvantage in bringing both to per- 

 feftioii ; and one or other is rendered, by circiimdances^ 

 deficient in its ufual power. Thus in Mentha and Lilium, 

 the increafe by root being inordinate, the damens become 

 imperfeft in fome flowers, the pidils in others. In Rhodiola, 

 which fcarcely differs in any material refpeA from Scdum, 

 they are always fo, on didinfl plants. Polygamous ftowei-s 

 (fee Polygamia) exhibit a fort of precaution in nature, tcy 

 guard againd any cafual imperfeftion, fioin darvation, in 

 either organ of united flowers. This is effefted by pro- 

 viding a fuperfluous dock of daraens, tor theie generally 

 predominate, in feparate individuals, whofe vigour is not 

 impeded by the maintenance of any piflil of their own, and 

 which are, therefore, at full liberty to fupply the dtficiencies 

 of their neighbours. 



United Provinces, in Geography, a name given to the 

 fevcn Protfdant dates of tiie Netherlands, which threw 

 off the yoke of Si)niii, and became independent. (Sec 

 Holland and Nethiiilands. ) Thefe now form a didinft. 

 kingdom, and by an arrangement which ha.s taken place 

 fince the French revolution, William Frederick, grand 

 duke of Luxemburgli, and prince of Orange nnd Nafiau, is 

 king of the Netherlands. This prince married princefs 

 Frederica Sophia of Pruflia, Odobor 14* 1791, by whonv 



he 



