V o c 



V o c 



by cementations, aiid other methods ; among which, charms 

 made of the Hebrew letters have their place. 



VOBARNO, in Geography, a town of Italy, in the de- 

 partment of the Benaco ; 5 miles N.W. of Salo. 



VOBERGA, or VoBiscA, in Ancient Geography, z town 

 of Hifpania Citerior, in a hunting country, according to 

 Martial, 1. i. epig. 52. v. 14. 



" Przftabit illic ipfa fingendas prope, 

 Vobifca prandenti feras." 



VOBERNA, or VoBERNUM, a town of Gallia Tranf- 

 padana, upon the banks of theriver Clufius (the Chicfa). 



VOBRIX, a town of Africa, in the interior of Mauri- 

 tania Tingitana ; now faid to be Lcmpta, in the kingdom of 

 Fez, with confiderable ruins. 



VOCA, a town of Hifpania Citerior, belonging to the 

 Callaici Lucenfes. Ptolemy. 



VocA, in Ichthyology, a name given by Gaza, and fome 

 other writers, to the fi(h called ioops by the generality of 

 writers. It is a fpecies of the fpari, and is diftinguilhed 

 from the relt by having four longitudinal parallel lines of a 

 bright yellow and white colour, refembling gold and filver, 

 on its fides. 



VOCABULARY, Vocabularium, formed of mca- 

 bulum, luord, in Grammar, denotes the collection of the 

 words of a language, with their fignifications ; otherwifc 

 called a didionary, lexicon, or nomenclature. 



The vocabulary is, properly, a lefs kind of di£lionary, 

 wliich does not enter fo minutely into the origins, and dif- 

 ferent acceptations of words. Though the Itahan vocabu- 

 lary of the Academy de la Crufca feems to be an exception 

 from this diftinftion, as being a copious and exaft work, in 

 three volumes folio, faid to liave been forty years in com- 

 pihng. And the like holds of the Vocabulario Portugucz 

 of F. Bluteau, in ten volumes folio : in the titles of both thefc 

 books the word is ufed in a larger fenfe. 



VOCAL, fomething that relates to the voice or fpeech. 

 Thus, vocal prayer is that which is fpoken out, or deli- 

 vered in words, in contradiftinftion to mental prayer. 



In our ancient cuftoms, vocalis is frequently ufed for fo 

 called: " poll haec Merganus de tribu Walenfium, &c. 

 alter nomine Madocus vocihs princeps eorum." Matt. 

 Pai-is. 



Vocal is fometimes alfo ufed fubRantively, in fpeaking 

 of matters of eleftion, to fignify a perfon who has a right 

 to vote. Tlius the Romanills fay, a man muft have been a 

 religious a certain number of years to be vocal. 



Vocal Mufc, is mufic fet to words, efpecially verfes, 

 and to be performed with the voice : in contradiftinAion to 

 injlrumental mufic, compofed only for inftruments, without 

 fmging. 



Poetry then makes a neceflary part of vocal mufic ; and 

 this appears to have been the chief, if not the only praAice 

 of the ancients, from the definitions which they give us of 

 mufic. 



Their vocal mufic feems to have had fome advantage over 

 ours, in that the Greek and Latin languages were better 

 contrived to pleafe the ear than the modern ones. In effeft, 

 Voffius taxes all the later languages as unfit for mufic ; and 

 fays, " We (hail never have any good vocal mufic till our 

 poets learn to make verfes on the model of the ancients ;" 

 i. e. till the ancient metrical feet and quantities are re- 

 ftored. 



But it is to be obferved, that the rhythmus of their vocal 

 mufic was only that of their poetry, and had no other forms 

 and mutations than what the metrical art afforded. 



Theif changes were no other than from one kind of me- 



trum or verfe to another, as from iambic to choraic. See 

 Measure and Rhythmus. 



Their vocal mufic, then, confilted of verfes fet to mufi- 

 cal tunes, and fung by one or more voices, in chorus, or 

 alternately ; fometimes with, and fometimes without the ac- 

 companiments of inftruments. 



As for inftrumental mufic, in the manner we have defined 

 it, it is not very clear that they ever had any. See Sy- 

 NAULIA, &c. 



VOCANUS Acer, in Ancient Geography, a territory of 

 Africa Propria, in the vicinity of the town of AchoUa, and 

 of that of Thapfus. Livy. 



VOCATES, a people of Gallia Aquitanica, of the 

 number of thofe who were fubjugated by Craffus, accord- 

 ing to Cxfar. 



VOCATION, Calling, among Divines, the grace or 

 favour which God does any one in calling him out of the 

 way of death, and putting him into the way of falvation. 



In this fenfe we fay, the •vocation of the Jezvs, the vocation 

 of the Gentiles, &c. There are two kinds of vocation, the 

 one external, the other internal. The firft confifts in a fimple 

 and naked propofing of objefts to the will ; the fecond is 

 that which renders the firft effeftual, by difpofing our facul- 

 ties to receive thofe objefts. 



Vocation is alfo ufed for a deftination to any ftate or 

 profeffion. It is a rule that none are to enter the eccle- 

 fiaftic or monallic ftate, without a particular vocation, or 

 caU. 



The Romanifts hold the vocation of the reformed divines 

 null and invalid. Among ourfelves, fome hold an uninter- 

 rupted fucceffion neceflary to the validity of the vocation of 

 a prieft. 



VOCATIVE, in Grammar, the fifth cafe, or ftate of 

 nouns. 



When we name the perfon we are fpeaking to, or addrefs 

 ourfelves to the thing we are fpeaking of, as if it were a 

 perfon, the noun or Tiame acquires a new -plation, which the 

 Latins and Greeks exprefs by a new termination, called the 

 •vocative. 



Thus, of Dominus, Lord, in the nominative, the Latins 

 liave made Domine, Lord, in the vocative ; of ytntonius, 

 Antoni, Sic. But as this was a thing not abfolutely necef- 

 fary, and as the nominative cafe might very well ferve on 

 fuch occafions, this new cafe, or termination, was not uni- 

 vcrfal : in the plural, for inftance, it was the fame with the 

 nominative ; and even in the fingular, it was only praftifed 

 in the fecond declenfion among the Latins ; and in Greek, 

 where it is the moft common, it is frequently negletled, and 

 the nominative ufed inftead of it ; as in that paflage in the 

 Greek Pfalms, quoted by St. Paul, ypr.»; c-k ©so;, thy 

 throne, God. 



In Enghfti, and moft of the modern tongues, this cafe is 

 ordinarily exprefted in nouns that have an article in the no- 

 minative, by fupprelfing that article ; as, the Lord is my 

 hope. — Lord, thou art my hope! though on many occafions we 

 ufe an interjeftion. 



VOCATORES, among the Romans, were fervants 

 whofe bufinefs it was to call the guefts, receive them, and 

 aflign every one a place according to his dignity. 



VOCAYAMO, in Geography, a town of Japan, in the 

 ifland of Niphon ; 15 miles N.W. of Meaco. 



VOCE Sola, in the Italian Mufic, denotes a piece 

 compofed for a fingle voice, generally accompar.icd with a 

 thorough-bafe on the harpfichord or organ, without other 

 inftruments. But if, befides that it is to be accompanied by 

 other inftruments, they add, con violini, with viohns ; due 

 violini, e violoncello, e bajfo per I'organo, i. e. with two violins, 

 12 a bafe 



