VOL 



ployed ; confifting of a weir carried acrofs the ftream, and 

 provided with feveral chambers, in which the fi(h are cauglit. 

 The utfchiugs are generally conftrufted only in the territory 

 of Aftrachan, where the filhery on the Volga is a very im- 

 portant objeft of induftry and trafBc. The Tartarian word 

 utfchiug properly fignifies that kind of dam called Saboika ; 

 but at prefent it implies a whole filhingftation, ufually much 

 larger than a vataga. (See Fishery and Caspian Sea.) 

 Every utfchiug, befides a number of buildings appropriate 

 to it, has alfo a church and dwelling-houfe, for the la- 

 bourers and their families. Since the year 1763, thefe 

 utfchiugs have been granted to the merchants of Aftrachan, 

 in confideration of a fmall tribute ; and the revenues are ma- 

 naged by what is called the filh-comptoir, the direftors and 

 members of which are elefted from the body of Aftrachan 

 burghers. The profits, after dedufting the very mode- 

 rate tribute to the crown, muft be divided in equal portions 

 among the merchants ; but by feveral reports it appears, that 

 the fidi-comptoir are fo arrogant and arbitrary in their pro- 

 ceedings, that the generous abandonment of her prerogative 

 by the late emprefs, who intended that the benefit fliould ex- 

 tend over the whole, is only advantageous to certain privi- 

 leged perfons, who enrich themfelves at the common ex- 

 pence. Befides the aftual inhabitants of Aftrachan, who 

 are employed in the fiftiery, every fpring about 10,000 

 fifhing-canoes come thither, having in each at leaft two 

 people, fo that the number of ftrangers who follow this 

 trade at Aftrachan far exceeds 20,000. Tooke's Ruflia, 

 vol. iii. 



VOLGAIC Cossacks. See Cossacks. 



VOLGANSK, a town of Rufiia, in the government of 

 Charkov, on the Donetz ; 40 miles N.E. of Charkov. 



VOLGIVOD, a river of Ruffia, which rifes near 

 Bachmut, in the government of Ekaterinoflav, and runs 

 into the Dnieper, 12 miles above Ekaterinoflav. 



VOLHYNIA, a palatinate of Ruffian Poland, bounded 

 on the north by tlie palatinate of Brzefc, on the eaft by 

 Kiev, on the fouth by the palatinate of Kaminiec, and on 

 the weft by the palatinates of Chelm and Belcz ; about 180 

 miles in length, and from 80 to 120 in breadth. This 

 country is fo fertile, as to fupply the inhabitants with a large 

 furplus of grain ;>rolemary, afparagus, &c. grow wild in 

 the woods, and can fcarcely be diftinguifhed from thofe cul- 

 tivated in the gardens. Volhynia was annexed to Poland in 

 a diet held at Lublin in 1659. The Tartars, befides a 

 great booty, carried off 30,000 perfons out of this country, 

 to be fold as flaves, in the year 1618. It is now added to 

 RufTia. 



VOLI, in indent Geography, a people of Africa, in Mau- 

 ritania Tingitana. Ptol. 



VOLIBA, a town of Great Britain, afligned by Pto- 

 lemy to the Danmonii, or Dunmonii. It is placed by Cam- 

 den and Baxter at Grampound ; but Horfley thinks it was 

 fituated at Lellwithiel. 



VOLISSO, in Geography, a fea-port town on the weft 

 coaft of the ifland of Scio, faid to take its name from Beli- 

 farius, called there " Velifarius," v;ho bui'.c the caltle. It 

 is fituated at the fide of a hill, about two miles from the fea. 

 It has a large bay, but no harbour. N. lat. 38° 27'. E. 

 long. 25° 56'. 



VOLITION, the aft of wilUng. See Will. 



VOLITIVE Thinking. See Thinking. 



VOLKAMERIA, in Botany, was dedicated by Lin- 

 n.ieus to the memory of Dr. John George Volckamer, a 

 diitinguifhed phyfician, and prafeftbr of medicine, at Nu- 

 remberg, who was born May 7th, 1662, and died June 8th, 

 1 744. He publiftied, in 1 700, a verv rich defcrintive cata- 

 6 



VOL 



loguc, in ^arto, with many good plates, of the native aS 

 well as cultivated plants known in that neighbourhood, 

 with tlie title of Flora Noribergenfis. He was the botanical 

 correfpondent of Tournefort, Bocrhaave, Sherard, Trium- 

 fetti, Commelin, and other eminent men of his time, and 

 has been recently commemorated by his countrymen the 

 Panzers, in an academical differtation, printed at Nnrem- 

 berg in 1802. — Linn. Gen. 325. Schreb. 425. Willd. 

 Sp. PI. V. 3. 383. Mart. MiU. Dia. V. 4. Ait. Hort. 

 Kew. V. 5. 62. Juir. 107. Lamarck Illuftr. t. 544. 

 Gxrtn. t. 56. (Duglaffia; Reliq. Houft. t. i3.)_Clafs 

 and order, Didynamia Angiofpermia. Nat. Ord. Perfonatte, 

 Linn. Vitkes, JnfT. Gen. Verbenace£, JulF. in Ann. du 

 Muf. V. 7. 63. Brown Prodr. 510. 



Gen. Ch.. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, turbinate, 

 with five, nearly equal, acute fegments. Cor. of one petal, 

 ringent. Tube cyUndrical, tvi'ice the length of the calyx. 

 Limb flat, in five deep, nearly equal, reflexed fegments, all 

 nearly turned one way, and moft widely feparated at the 

 upper fide. Stam. Filaments four, thread-fhaped, very 

 long, at the gaping fide of the corolla ; anthers fimple. 

 Pijl. Germen fuperior, quadrangular ; ftyle thread-fhaped, 

 nearly the length of the ftamens ; ftigma cloven, one feg- 

 ment acute, more confpicuous than the other. Peru. Berry 

 roundiftl, of two cells. Seeds. Nuts folitary, furrowed, 

 each of two cells, with two kernels. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx five-cleft. Corolla with a cylindrical 

 tube, and deeply five-cleft limb, rather turned to one fide. 

 Stamens prominent, afcending. Berry with two bilocular 

 feeds. 



Obf. This genus ought probably, as Mr. Brown ob- 

 ferves, to be funk in ClkrodenbRUM, (fee that article,) 

 to which he has in Ait. Hort. Kew. removed all our garden 

 fpecies, except one, not without a juft expreffion of doubt 

 refpefting that alfo. The only pretended diftinftions are, 

 I ft, the fegments of the corolla being turned one way, not 

 equally fpreading ; and, 2d, the Berry having two feeds, 

 each with two cells, inftead of four feeds, each of one cell. 

 The fpecies we are about to defcribe, however, having this 

 charafter in the fruit at leaft, and being the original Volka- 

 mer'ia, may as well be retained as fuch. Several of the 

 others, popularly placed along with it, we have long ago 

 found to have the cliarafters ot Cterodendrum altogether. 



I. V.aculeata. Prickly Volkameria. Linn. Sp. PI. 889. 

 Willd. n. I. Ait. n. I. Jacq. Amer. 185. t. 117. 

 ( Clerodendrum n. i ; Browne Jam. 262. t. 30, not t. 20. 

 f. 2. Liguftrum aculeatum, fruftu tefticulato ; Plum. Ic. 

 156. t. 164. f. 2, not f. l.j — Native of the Weft Indies. 

 Browne fpeaks of it as one of the moft common plants in the 

 low lands of Jamaica, in a dry gravelly foil. Miller culti- 

 vated this (hrub before the year 1739. Mr. Aitcn fa^s it 

 flowers in the ftove from Auguft to Oftober. The buftiy 

 Jlem is five or fix feet liigh, with round rather warty 

 branches ; the ultimate ones often whorled ; p,nd all befet 

 with fliort fharp prickles, originating in the permanent bafes 

 of laft year's footftalks. Leaves oppofite, ftalked, lanceo- 

 late, bluntifti, entire, an inch and a half or two inches long, 

 nearly fmooth ; paler and minutely dotted beneath. Stalks 

 axiUary, three-flowered, a little downy. Corolla cream- 

 coloured, with purple jlamens. Willdenow has three errors 

 of the prefs among the fynonyms of this fpecies, all copied 

 from Linnxus, in the references to three common books, 

 which he ought furely to have examined. 



Some fpecies referred to Clerodendrum, particularly V^ 

 hiermis of Linnaeus ; as alfo V. ligujlrina of Willdenow ; fo 

 nearly agree in habit with the above plant, that we cannot 

 but miftruft any generic diftindlion which feparates them. 



VOLKA- 



