U P L 



U P P 



their importance in other refpefts. If the (heep hufbandry 

 of thefe trafts, inftead of engrofling all the attention of the 

 farmere, and all the foil, were to be confidered as the chief 

 article, but at the fame time intermixed with a due propor- 

 tion of black cattle, of corn, and of green crops ; and if 

 proprietors would aJfo introduce into the fyftem judicious 

 plantations of foreil trees, incalculable advantages would 

 certainly, it is thought, be obtained. This beautiful fyf- 

 tem, it is faid, is not ideal. It is found by experience to 

 be admiffible in every point of view ; comfort, beauty, and 

 profit, going hand in hand. 



The peculiar advantages of black cattle, the culture of 

 com and green crops, and the planting of foreft trees, in 

 conneftion with fheep, on thefe uplands and paftures, are 

 then particularly pointed out and explained, when the writer 

 fuggefls the proper fort of management for the (heep and 

 the black cattle that (hould be purfiied in fuch cafes, and 

 (hews the comparative value of each in a very clear manner ; 

 concluding by obferving, that all thefe branches are mu- 

 tually fiibfervient to each other : all of them are adapted, each 

 on its own fcale, to the climate and the foil of the country ; 

 and that they all contribute to the folid comforts and pro- 

 fperity of the people in all ftations, the proprietors, the 

 farmers, and the people at large. Thefe upland trafts are 

 laid out, it is faid, for pafturage by the hand of nature, and 

 flieep are the true ftaple : but the country is likewife na- 

 turally laid o\it for every part of the mixed hufbandry that 

 has been advifed above ; all the neceffary materials abound- 

 ing ; ana every part, like the links of a golden chain, being 

 connefted with, and depending on one another. Cattle 

 alone are not, and cannot, it is faid, be a fafe (lock ; (heep 

 reared exclufively turn all into a wafte. Trees, if fuffered 

 to overfpread the country, would convert it into a wilder- 

 nefs ; and cropping on a large fcale is more than hazardous, 

 it id iraprafticable. The mixed fyftem is, therefore, the 

 moft proper and beneficial for fuch trafts, in many different 

 points of view. See the paper. 



In fome of the fouthem parts of the kingdom, too, the 

 uplands and paftures are found very beneficial in the fup- 

 porting of fheep-ftock. In the Romney-Mar(h fyftem of 

 (heep management, it is the ufual praftice to fend the lamb- 

 ftock in the beginning of the autumn, in raft quantities, to 

 be fupported and kept by the hill or upland farmers in the 

 neighbourhood, through the winter, which is found to 

 anfwer well under proper care and attention. 



In the South-Down, and other upland diftrifts, the high 

 grounds and paftures are likewife moftly occupied with 

 meep as a principal ftock, to the greateft advantage. See 

 Sheep. 



The uplands and paftures in many parts of the country 

 ar^, however, in a very indifferent and unprofitable ftate, 

 from the want of fuitable manuring, feeding, and ftocking, 

 whatever may be the purpofe to which they are applied. 

 See Pasture and Pasture- Z,an(/. 



UPLOPER, a name given to one particular fpecies of 

 pigeon, called by Moore, columla gutturofaf aliens. 



It was firft brought to England from Holland, and much 

 refembles that kind of pigeon called the Engli(h powter, 

 but that it is fmaller. Its crop is very round, and in this 

 it buries its bill. Its legs are very fmall and (lender, and its 

 toes are ihort, and clofe together, on which it treads fo 

 nicely, that when moving, any fmall thing might be put 

 under the ball of its foot. The pigeons of this fpecies are 

 generally all blue, all black, or all white ; feldom or never 

 pyed. They are very fcarce in England, and in Holland 

 have been valued at five and twenty guineas a pair. 



They have their name from the Dutch word opiopen, 

 lo , 



which fignifies to leap up, and it was thus named from its 

 manner of approaching the hen, which is always by leaping 

 upon her. Moore's Colnmbarium, p. 67. 



UPNOR Castle, in Geography, a fortrefs of England, 

 in the county of Kent, on the left bank of the Medway, 

 near Chatham. 



UPPARAH, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of 

 Rajamundry ; 30 miles E. of Rajamundry. 



UPPER Deck, in a Ship, the higheft of thofe decks 

 which are continued throughout the whole of a (hip of war, 

 or merchantman, without any interruption of fteps or irre- 

 gular afcents. 



\J PPEH -Breadth Siveeps, in Ship-Building, the centre of 

 which is in the line reprefenting the upper height of breadth 

 of the timber. This fweep, defcribed upwards, forms the 

 lower part of the top-timber. See Ship-building. 



Upper Height of Breadth, the upper curved line on the 

 (heer plan, defcribnig the greateft height of the main-breadth 

 or broadeft part of the (hip at each timber. See Ship- 

 building. 



Upper Strahe, in Boats, a ftrake thicker than thofe of 

 the bottom, wrought round the gunwale. 



Upper IVoris, in Naval yirchiteSure, a general name 

 given to all that part of a (hip which is above the furface gf 

 the water when (he is properly balanced for a fea voyage ; 

 or it is that part which is feparated from the bottom by the 

 main wale. 



Upper Hemifphere, Ocean, Pelar Dial, and Region. See 

 the fubftantives. 



Upper Slope of a Canal, is the face of the bank K P 

 ( Plate I. Canals, Jig. 3. ) in fide-laying ground ; or A B and 

 K P (Jig- 6.) in deep-cutting. 



Upper Lake, in Geography, a lake of Ireland, in the 

 county of Kerry, 4 miles from Lough Lane, with which it 

 communicates by a river, which runs between Tore moun- 

 tain and Gleenaa mountain. 



UPPINGHAM, a market-town in the hundred of 

 Martindey and county of Rutland, England, is fituated 6 

 miles S. by E. from Oakham, and 89 miles N.N.W. from 

 London. It is confidered as the fecond town in the county, 

 and in fome refpefts fuperior to Oakham, the county-town : 

 the ftreets are well paved ; the houfes, which in general are 

 well built, are difpofed in the form of a fquare, with one 

 long ftreet leading to the weft end. The church, which 

 ftands on the fouth fide of the fquare, has a lofty fpire, and 

 the church-yard commands an extenfive profpeft : it alfo 

 contains fome well-executed monuments, particularly one of 

 the date of 1653, in honour of Everard Fawkener, efq., 

 who had been fheriff of the county, and was a great bene- 

 faftor to the town, having paved the ftreets at his own ex- 

 pence. Adjoining to the church-yard is a free-fchool, 

 founded on a very extenfive plan, for general education, and 

 even for the preparing of youth for the univerfities. It was 

 built about the year 1584, by the Rev. Robert Johnfon, 

 archdeacon of Leicefter, who was alfo the founder of a 

 fimilar inftitution at Oakham. The expences of the ereftion 

 were defrayed partly from his own purfe, affifted by the 

 produce of concealed church lands which he begged from 

 queen Elizabeth. It is a plain neat edifice, and has over the 

 door, in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, " Remember thy 

 Creator in the days of thy youth." Here is alfo an hof- 

 pital, built at the fame time, and out of the fame funds, by 

 the benevolent archdeacon, for the maintenance of thirteen 

 poor men and one woman. A weekly market and an annual 

 fair were granted in 1280 by Edward I., to Peter de Mont- 

 fort, then lord of this manor, and his heirs for ever, with 

 the exprefs provifion that the fair (hould not operate to the 



detriment 



