U S N 



USLAH, a town of Bengal ; 9 miles S. of Curruck- 

 deah. 



USLAR, a town of Weftphalia, in the principality of 

 Calenberg. In the year 1575, duke Frederic ordered tlie 

 name to be changed to Freudenthal ; 17 miles W.N. W of 

 Gottingen. 



USMAN, a town of RiilTla, in the government of Tam- 

 bov, on a river of the fame name ; 40 miles S.W. of 

 Tambov. N. lat. 52° 8'. E. long. 40° 24'. 



USNAU, JJland of, fometimes called HutteiCs IJland, a 

 fmall ifland in the lake of Zuric, Switzerland, about an 

 Englifli mile in circumference, belonging to the abbey of 

 Einfedlin. It contains only a iingle houfe, two barns, a 

 kind of tower or fummcr-houfe, a chapel that is never ufcd, 

 and a church in which mafs is faid once a year. Within is 

 the tomb of St. Alderic, who built an hermitage in the 

 ifland and retired hither, wliere he died, after a life of re- 

 puted fanftity, in 1473. It is called Hutten's ifland, from 

 an extraordinary perfon of tiiat name, famed for his learn- 

 ing and valour, and for his intemperate ardour in defence of 

 the opinions of Luther. After having rendered himfelf an 

 object of terror both to Lutherans and Catholics, he fought 

 repole in this fequcllered ifland, and died here in 1523, in the 

 36th year of his age. The ifland, which is agreeably di- 

 verfified with hill and dale, is very fertile in pafture, pro- 

 duces hemp, flax, a few vines, and a fmall tufted wood, 

 which overhangs the margin of the water. This is the only 

 ifland in the lake, except an uninhabited rock, which yields 

 a fmall quantity of hay. 



USNEA, in Botany, a name retained by Dillenius, for 

 which he modeftly folicits the indulgence of botanifts, not- 

 withftanding its Arabian origin, being derived from the 

 Axnceh and Ufnee of Serapio. It has long been the officinal 

 name of one of this genus, which, though funk in Lichen 

 by Linnasus, is now rellored by Acharius, under the above 



appellation Dill. Mufc. 56. Achar. Prodr. 223. Meth. 



306. Lichenogr. 127. t. 14. f. 5. Syn. 303. Sm. Prodr. 

 Fl. Grasc. Sibth. v. 2. 322. Hoffm. Germ. v. 2. 132. — 

 Clafs aud order, Cryptogamia Alga. Nat. Ord. Algt, Li- 

 chenes. 



Efl. Ch. Receptacles ? orbicular, peltate, fcarccly co- 

 loured, without a border ; fuhtendcd by a dilatation of the 

 frond, whicli is branched, and contains a central elaftic 

 pith. 



The filamentous Lichens of Linnaeus chiefly compofe 

 this genus. (See Lie men, feft. 9 ; and Lkhekes, n. 6, 

 n. 28, and n. 21.) — We need not repeat the account and 

 obfcrvations there given, rcfpcfting the fruftification of the 

 genus before us. With rcfpedt to its technical difcrlmina- 

 tion, Acharius confiders as cflenlial tlie very tough, clailic, 

 central- thread, which pervades the whole frond and its 

 branches, remaining unbroken when the outer coat, tumid 

 and cracked, afl^umes, in feveral fpccies, a jointed nr beaded 

 appearance. The orbicular difks are not circumfcribed by 

 any tumid border from the frond, but are often bounded by 

 an indeterminate, or irregular, dilatation of that part, very 

 frequently fubtended, or fringed, with prominent lirilUes, 

 or threads, refembling young branches. How far thefe 

 din<s are real receptacles oi feeds mull aj)pear, from the ob- 

 fcrvations above cited, very doubtful ; or rather it feems 

 clear that they are not fo, and that the convex more coloured 

 tubercles, delUtute of any border, found in fomc of the 

 fpecies, are more proliably the receptacles. According to 

 this idea, we fliould rather prefer tlie following : 



Eff. Ch. Receptacles lateral, feffile, tumid, rugged, 

 coloured, without a border. Frond tlu-cad-fliapcd, brancned, 

 with a central claltic pith. 



U S N 



Leaving the queftion thus open, for future examination 

 and determination, we proceed to the elucidation of the 

 fpccies, wliich are very prudently curtailed in the lall work 

 of Dr. Acharius, his Sympfts. 



1. U. melaxantha. Orange and black Ufnea. Ach. Syn. 

 n. 1. Mcth. 3C7. (Lichen aurantiacoater ; Jacq. Mifc. 

 V. 2. 369. t. II. f. 2. Linn. Syft. Veg. ed. 14. 965.) — 

 Frond nearly crcft, tufted, rough, tawny : ultimate branches 

 tapering, black. Difl<s concave ; black above ; corrugated 

 underneath ; naked at the margin — Commcrfon, Menzies, 

 and other voyagers, have gathered this handfome fpecies, at 

 the ftraits of Magellan, Statcn land, Falkland iflands, &c. 

 Thcjlem is fimple at the root, but divides immediately into 

 a denfe bufliy mafs of fubdivided, entangled, round, very 

 tough branches, and is three or four inches high. The fur- 

 face is rough with minute points, partly tawny or orange- 

 coloured, partly black and (hining ; the fmaller branches are 

 beautifully annulatcd with tawny and black alternately ; the 

 ultimate ones black, tapering to a fliarp point. The in- 

 ternal fubftance is folid, white, very hard. Receptacles late- 

 ral, folitary, caufing the branch to form an acute angle at 

 the infertion of each. When young they are almoft globu- 

 lar, then hemifpherical, or nearly flat. Their difl< is dark 

 brown or black, and of a difl^inft fubflance from the pale or 

 tawny accelFory border, formed from the frond, inflexed 

 when young, corrugated beneath, remaining thin, even, 

 fmooth, naked and uninterrupted, encompafling the diflt. 



We admit this fpecies here chiefly in conformity to our 

 diftinguiflied guide. While we beg leave to proteft againft 

 his change of the excellent original name, we decline reftor- 

 ing that name combined with Ufnea, becaufe we feel fome 

 fulpicion that the plant may belong to Dr. Acharius's new 

 genus Evernia, Syn. 244. The frond, though corticated, is 

 folid, and the receptacles are fliield-like, feflile, with a thin 

 coloured concave di/i, furrounded by an elevated inflexed 

 margin from the fubflance of the frond, which are the cha- 

 rafters of Evernia, rather than of Ufnea. 



2. U. jamaicenfis. Jamaica Ufnea. Ach. Syn. n. 2. 

 "Lichenogr. 619. Nov. Aft. Upfal. with a figure, un- 

 publiflied."— " Frond nearly ereCl, rough, pale, forked : 

 branches divaricated, widely fpreading. Diflcs peltate, nearly 

 feflile, rather concave, of the colour of the frond ; fmooth, 

 appendiculatcd and proliferous beneath ; naked in the cir- 

 cumference."— Native of trees in the WeR Indies. Acha- 

 rius. 



3. U. cornicularia. Brown-horned Ufnea. Ach. Syn. 

 n. 3. " Lichenogr. 619. Nov. Aft. Upfal. with a figure, 

 unpubliflicd." — " Frond fpreading, rigid, very fmooth, 

 thread-fliaped, flendcr, white, much branched : branches in- 

 tricate, zigzag : ultimate ones partly brownifli." — Found 

 on the trunks of trees in New Zceland. Acharius. 



4. \J. ceralina. Intricate-horned IT fnea. Ach. Syn. n. 4. 

 "Lichenogr. 619. Nov. Aft. UpfaL with a figure, un- 

 piibliflied."— " Frond prollrate, rather pendulous, rigid, 

 very rough, whitifli, flightly fibrous: branches very long, 

 fubdivided, fpreading, difl'ufo. Diflts concave, of the colour 

 of the frond ; fomewhat proliferous beneath ; encompafled 

 with long, flout, curved rays."— Found on trees in Silefia. 

 The author mentions a variety, found on rocks in France, 

 Spain, and North America, thus dillinguiflicd. 



h.fcabrofa. " Frond ered, rough, rigid, fomewhat tufted, 

 pale, branched : branches ftraight or zigzag, tapering, 

 widely fpreading." 



Some fpccimens from America arc furniflied with red 

 tubercles, or cephalodia. 



5. U.Jlorida. Flowery Ufnea. Ach. Syn. n. j. Meth. 

 307. Sm. Prodr. Fl. Gric. n. 2482. Hoffm. PI. Lich. 



V. 2. 



