USNEA. 



T. 2. iij. t. 30. f. 2. (U. vulgatifiima tenuior et brevior, 

 cum oibicuUs; Dill. Mufc. 69. t. 13. f. 13. Lichen flori- 

 dus ; Linn. Sp. PI. 1624. Ehrh. Crypt, n. 148. Engl. 

 Bot. t. 872.) — Frond nearly ere£t, rough, greyifh, widi 

 crowded horizontal fibres ; branches widely fpreading, 

 fcarcely divided. Difks flat, very broad, whitifh, with long 

 rays. Tubercles flefh-coloured, nearly globular, wrinkled. 

 — Frequent on old trees, efpccially about the tops of aged 

 oaks, fometimcs on pales, in various parts of Europe. The 

 fronds form upright, bufhy tufts, of a pale greenifh-grey 

 when moiil, whiter when dry, fpringing from a hard black 

 bafe ; they are round, confifling of a cruftaceous bark, en- 

 clofing a tough white fibre, the bark (lightly cracking liere 

 and there, but not widely. The innumerable branches, 

 crowded with taper fibres, are pohfhed, though minutely 

 warty. When of full age, they bear very broad, unequal, 

 irregular diflcs, at firil lateral, but by the flexure of the 

 branch, and the ftoppage of its growth, becoming terminal. 

 They are fmooth on both fides, paler or flightly flefh- 

 coloured on the upper, having all the appearance of the 

 (hield of a Parmelia, &c. ; their border of the fubftance of 

 the frond, narrow, elevated when young, copioufly fringed 

 with radiating fibres. The fame plant bears, though rarely, 

 fmall flefh-coloured tubercles, fituated hke the diflvs, deftitute 

 of rays ; having when young a tumid even border, of their 

 own fubilance and red colour, which is fubfequently obli- 

 terated, as in the genus Lecldea, by the great elevation and 

 fwelling of the middle part, forming a tubercle like thofe 

 of a Cup-Lichen, Baomyccs. Thefe were noticed by Hofi"- 

 mann, Pcrfoon, and Schrader, though that circumftance 

 was unknown to us, before they appeared in Englijh Botany; 

 and the difcovery is the moil curious that has for a long 

 while been made in the hift.ory of the Lichen tribe. 



Acharius enumerates the following varieties. 



b, rig'ida. " Frond elongated, ftraight, rigid, flender, 

 fomewhat dependent, rough ; branches rather long, zigzag, 

 befet with fibres and fmall branches." — Native of Lufatia 

 and England. — We have not met with any thing anfwering 

 to this. 



c,Jlrigofa. Ach. Meth. 310. t. 6. f. 3. — Frond fpread- 

 ing, branched, dirty grey, rough : branches elongated, zig- 

 zag, forked, lax, clofely befet all over with prominent pa- 

 rallel fibres. Diflis flelh-colourcd, very broad, fomewhat 

 lobed, with radiating teeth. — Found in North America. 

 This feems merely the effetl of age. 



d, ■vlUofa. " Frond and branches dirty afli-coloured, dif- 

 fufe and entangled, clothed with very thort and crowded 

 villous fibres." 



e, rubiglnea. Michaux Boreal.-Amer. v. 2. 332. — " Frond 

 fomewhat fibrous, of a rufty red, with difks of the fame 

 colour." — Native of North America. 



f, We have a very long, ftragghng, minutely fibrous, va- 

 riety, brought by Mr. Menzies from the Cape of Good 

 Hope, which hardly comes under any of the above defini- 

 tions. On this we have feen one folitary flefh-coloured 

 tubercle, fituated on the main_/?fm, as in U. hirta. 



6. U. hirta. Common Rough Ufnea. Hoffm. PI. Lich. 

 v. 2. 17. t. 30. f. I. Sm. Prodr. Fl. Groec. n. 2483. 

 (U. florida /3 ; Ach. Meth. 309. U. plicata c; Ach. 

 Syn. 305. n. 6. U. vulgatifiima tenuior et brevior, fine 

 orbicuhs; Dill. Mufc. 67. t. 13. f. 12. Lichen hirtus ; 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 1623. Ehrh. Crypt, n. 138. L. floridus 

 /S ; Hudf. 560. Ach. Prodr. 224.) — Frond ereft, fome- 

 what fhrubby, much branched, greenHh-grey : branches 

 fpreading, wavy, fibrous, roughifli, entangled, tapering. 

 Tubercles lateral, flightly elevated, flefh-coloured, rugged. 

 Radiating diflvS none. — Extremely common on trees, polls, 



7 



and pales, throughout Europe, as well as in America. We 

 cannot conceive this to be a variety, either of the preceding 

 or the follovping fpecies. The whole plant is more finely 

 fibrous than U. jlorida, and rather greener. The tubercles 

 are lateral, and do not difturb the direft continuation of the 

 branch beyond them ; nor are they fo perfeftly fefTde, but 

 rather elevated on a fhort thick if alk. Sometimes we find 

 them accompanied by a few radiating fibres, but never ap- 

 proaching to the nature of an expanded difl<. 



To this we prefume muft belong the variety d, glabrata, 

 of Ach. Syn. 306. n. 6. — " Frond nearly upright, rather 

 fhrubby, white, very fmooth and naked: branches crowded, 

 widely fpreading, nearly fimple, fibrous ; powdery at the 

 fummit." — Native of Switzerland. Wool boiled in water 

 with U. hirta, without alum, takes a fine permanent tawny 

 yellow. 



7. U. plicata. Stringy Ufnea. Ach. Syn. n. 6. Meth. 

 310. { U. vulgaris, loris longis implcxis ; Dill. Mufc. 56. 

 t. II. f. I. Lichen plicatus ; Linn. Sp. PI. 1622. Engl. 

 Bot. t. 257. Weftring Lich. t. 8.) — Frond pendulous, 

 fmoothifh, pale grey : branches lax, compound, entangled, 

 partly fibrous ; the ultimate ones capillary. Difks flat, 

 fringed with flender fibres. — Found hanging from the 

 branches of old trees, in dark fhady woods of the more 

 mountainous countries of Europe. Tlie whole plant, when 

 full grown, meafures from one to two feet in length, being 

 a denfe mafs of entangled branching fibres. Its hue is lets 

 green than that of U. hirta, nor have any flefh-coloured 

 tubercles been remarked on this fpecies. The di/hs at firfl 

 refemble fuch tubercles in form, but not in colour ; foon 

 becoming concave, with an inflexed fomewhat radiated mar- 

 gin ; and at length expanding into a flat fliape, fmooth and 

 even on both fides, very flightly tinged with red-brown 

 above, their border more or Icfs fringed with radiating, 

 fometimes elongated, fibres. To this is nov7 reduced, as a 

 variety, 



b, comofa. (Lichen comofus ; Ach. in Stockh. Tranf. 

 v. 16. 209. t. 8. f. I.) — " Frond rather ereft and fhrubby, 

 pale and whitifh : lateral branches widely fpreading, diffufe, 

 crowded, fmooth, much divided ; the ultimate ones taper- 

 pointed, roughifli, flightly drooping. Tubercles palc-flefh- 

 coloured, finally brown." — Found chiefly on tall ftems of 

 Birch-trees, in Sweden. We have not examined this plant, 

 but its tubercles feem to agree rather with U. hirta, as well 

 as its habit. 



8. U. barbata. Bearded Ufnea. Ach. Syn. n. 7. 

 Meth. 313. Sm. Prodr. Fl. Grjec. n. 2484. (U. barbata, 

 loris tenuibus fibrofis ; Dill. Mufc. 63. t. 12. f. 6. Li- 

 chen barbatus; Linn. Sp. PI. 1622. Engl. Bot. t. 258. 

 f. 2.) 



b, dafopoga; Ach. Syn. 306. n. 7. (U. phcata y, da- 

 fopoga ; Ach. Meth. 312. " U. barbata ; Hoffm. Germ, 

 v. 2. 132, excluding the reference to Dillenius." Achar.) 



c, articulata ; Ach. Syn. ibid. (U. barbata ; Ach. 

 Meth. 313. U. capillacea et nodofa ; Dill. Mufc. 60. t. 11. 

 f. 4. Lichen articulatus ; Linn. Sp. PI. 1623. Engl. Bot. 

 t. 258. f. I.) 



d, iiitejliniformis ; Ach. Syn. ibid. 



Frond pendulous, fmooth, tumid, cracked, inflated, 

 greyifli-white : branches divaricated, fibrous, with capillary 

 points. Tubercles lateral, flcfli-coloured, fomewhat lobed. 

 — Found on the branches of old trees in various parts of 

 Europe, fcarcely bearing tubercles but in Italy, and other 

 fouthern countries. The variety d we have from Exmoutli 

 warren, Devonfliire, where it grows on the fandy ground, 

 in large patches. TWs elegant and ftriking fpecies has always 

 more or lefs of a jointed, or bearded, appearance, the prin- 

 cipal 



