U T R 



fmill llrip of land to the nortliward, and bcM-derinjj on the 

 Zuyder See, is wholly environed by Holland and Guelder- 

 land : it enjoys a good air, and in moll parts the foil is very 

 fruitful ; to the caftward it is indeed a high and fterile 

 country, confiding either of fandy hills or fmall eminences, 

 which are in general over-run with wood; and weftward 

 the country perfeAly refemblcs Holland, being for the mod 

 part rich meadow, though in many parts full of turf 

 grounds. 



Utrecht, a city of Holland, and capital of the ftate or 

 department fo called ; in Latin, Ultrajedum, TrajcBum In- 

 ferius, Traje9um Utrkenjium, Antonina Civitas, which laft 

 name was given it from Antoninus, a Roman fenator, by 

 whom it was built, in the time of Nero ; and TrajeBum ad 

 Rhenum, to diftinguifh it from Maeftricht, which wai 

 called Trajedum ad Mo/am. It is a haiidfome, large, and 

 rich city, fituated on the ancient Rhine. The VViltes 

 ruined it, and left nothing but the caftle, which they called 

 fVi/ltnl'ourg. In the year 718, Clotaire king of France re- 

 built it, and firft called it Utrecht, from the word Trtcht, 

 which Cgnifies paflage, becaufe it was the grand paflage 

 over the Rhine, before that river had changed its bed. It 

 was enlarged, and furrounded with walls, about the year 

 534, by Balderic de Cleves, the fifteenth bifhop. Its 

 figure is oval, and it is about four miles in circumference, 

 befides four large fauxbourgs ; but though fortified with 

 fomc baftions and half-moons, it is not ftrong. The em- 

 peror Charles V. when he became mafter of the figniory 

 and city of Utrecht, in the year 1529, built a chateau, 

 which he called l^rebourg, or the Chateau of Peace ; and in 

 the year 1546, celebrated a chapter of the order of the 

 Golden Fleece in the cathedral church, when Maximilian 

 king of Bohemia, and afterwards emperor, Cofmo duke of 

 Florence, Albert duke of Bavaria, Emanuel Philibert duke 

 of Savoy, and eighteen other lords, were inllalled knights. 

 1 he d6nie, or the cathedral church, it is faid, was firft built 

 in the year 630, by king Dagobert I., and St. Willebrord 

 made it an abbey church, and foon after it became a cathe- 

 dral. The height of the tower is 380 feet, and from the 

 top in a clear day fifteen or fixteen cities may be feen. 

 The cathedral was at firft dedicated to St. Thomas, after- 

 wards to St. Martin. The church of Notre-Damc, com- 

 monly called Buur-Kcrcb, and Engbfh church, has a fmall 

 library, which contains fome ancient manufcripts ; the other 

 parifhcs are St. James, St. Nichola:;, and St. Gertrude. It 

 has likcwifc hofpitals for orphans, foundlings, &:c. Before 

 the Reformation, it had many religious houfes. The magif- 

 tracy is compofed of a grand bailly, two burgomafters, 

 twelve echevins, a trcafurer, an intendant of buildings, a 

 prefident, three commiflioncrs of finances, and a fenator, 

 whici) are changed every year on the 1 2th of Oftobcr, and 

 affemble in the town-houfe, which is a handiome ftrudture. 

 The principal ftreets are cut through with canals, two of 

 which run through the whole city, namely, the Vaert, and 

 the new Gracht, over which there are thirty-five bridges. 

 Thefe are the principal canals of the town, and the buildings 

 on the banks of the new Gracht are magnificent. The 

 market-place is very large, and the centre of fcvcral hand- 

 feme ftreets. The houfes are of brick, and many of them 

 ftately ; they have in general good cellars, which they 

 cannot have in the ftate of Holland, the ground there being 

 too marftiy. Without the town there are beautiful rows of 

 trees, to which the Englifh have given the name of the 

 Mall, by rcafon of their having fomc rcfcmblance to St. 

 ■ lamcs's Park. This place wa« the Icat of an archbiftiop, 

 before it fell into the Proifftauls' hands, and had four 



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collegiate churches, two commanderies, and feveral abbeys, 

 which have been all fecularized by the States, and applied to 

 other ufcs. As it ftands in a very healthful air, it is fre- 

 quented by perfons of diftinftion, who have very fine houfes 

 in this city. The univerfity, which has been very famous, 

 was originally only a public fchool, founded by David of 

 Burgundy, bifhop of Utrecht ; but in the year 1636, it was 

 converted into an univerfity by the States. The univerfity 

 is fubjeA to the magiftrates of the city, and has not many 

 privileges. The ftudents wear their ordinary drefs, and 

 board in private houfes in the town, for there are fcarcely 

 any endowed colleges in Holland. Here the ftates of the 

 province affemble to take cognizance of the affairs of the 

 whole province. There is a public library, well ftocked 

 with books in all branches of learning. The town is famous 

 for the treaty of union, Cgned in 1579, between the Seven 

 Provinces, which laid the foundation of the republic ; as 

 likewife for the treaty of peace, figned here in 17 13, 

 between France and the Grand Allies. Utrecht gave birth 

 to pope Adrian VI., whofe houfe they always fhew to 

 foreigners ; and to the celebrated Ann Mary Schurman, fo 

 admired in the laft century for her learning ; 18 miles S.S.E. 

 of Amfterdam. N. lat. 52° 6'. E. long. 5' 1 1'. 



Utrecht, a townfhip of New York, in Long ifland. 



UTRERA, a town of Spain, in the province of Seville. 

 It contains two parifties, four hofpitals, and eight convents; 

 near it is a fait fpring ; 21 miles S. of Seville. 



UTRICULARIA, in Botany, fo named by Linrzus, 

 from the numerous little bladders, utrtculi, which often ac- 

 company the leaves, and ferve to float the plant. — Linn. 

 Gen. 14. Schreb. 19. Willd. Sp. PI. t. 1. 1 1 1. Mart. 

 Mill. Did. V. 4. Vahl Enum. v. i. 194. Sm. Fl. Brit. 

 28. Prodr. Fl. Gric. Sibth. v. t. ri. Brown Prodr. 

 Nov. Holl. v. I. 430. Purfti 15. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. i. 

 4J. Epit. 376. Juff. 98. Poiret in Lamarck Dift. 

 v. 8. 267. Lamarck Illuftr. t. 14 — Clafs and order, Di- 

 andria Monogynla. Nat. Ord. Corydales, Linn. Lyfi- 

 maehiis ajine, Juff. Leniiiiilarit, Richard and Brown. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of two equal, ovate, 

 concave, fmall, moftly undivided, permanent leaves. Cor. 

 of one petal, ringent ; upper lip flat, obtufe, eredl : lower 

 larger, flat, undivided ; its palate heart-ftiaped, more or 

 Icfs prominent between the lips. Neftary a finiple or double 

 fpur, protruding from the bafe of the petal behind. Sirwt. 

 Filaments two, inferted into the bafe of the corolla, very 

 (hort, incurved ; anthers fmall, cohering together. Pi/l. 

 Gcrmen fupcrior, globofe ; ftyle thrcad-fliapcd, the length 

 of the calyx ; ftigma conical, fomctimes divided. PerU. 

 Capfule large, globofe, of one cell. Setdj numerous, fmall, 

 attached to a large globular receptacle. 



Eff. Ch. Corolla ringent, fpurrnl. Calyx of two equal 

 leaves. Capfule fuperior, of one cell. 



A very curious and elegant genus, of herbaceous, ftem- 

 lefs, aquatic or bog plants, found in various parts of the 

 world, but perhaps more numerous in New Holland than in 

 any other country. Linnaus in the i^tli edition of his 

 Sy^. Veg. has but nine fpecies jn all. Willdonow hai 

 eleven, Vahl thirty-four, Poiret thirty-fix. Three are 

 found in Britain ; nine, according to Mr. Purlh, in North 

 America. But Mr. Brown defines twenty-four Ulrkularig, 

 natives of New Holland alone. Of tlule feveral were de- 

 tefted by fir Jofoph Banks and Dr. Solander. We have 

 heard the former of thefe eminent botanifts relate, that il- 

 moft every morning's walk afforded them ? new Utricularia ; 

 but the delicate flowers were generally fo (rail and tranficut, 

 or the diftinftive charsders of th« fpecies fo ('iffiewlt lo <!e- 

 4 F ; file, 



