W A L 



what hairy ; their lobes obtufe, {lightly three-cleft, toothed. 

 Stem-leaves three-lobcd, deeply toothed. Slipuhu ohlong, 

 acute, entire. Floiver-jlalhs two or three, terminal, ihread- 

 fhaped, very long. Floivers yellow. This plant is allied 

 to Gel'm, (fee that article,) but is diftinguiflied by the fmall 

 number of piflils, and the club-fhaped deciduous Jlyles. 

 From PoTENTii.LA, (fee that article ?nd Tormentii.la,) 

 it differs widely in habit, number of pyiils, and form of the 

 Jlyles. WilUenow. 



WALDSTETTEN, in G^c>fr/7/i/>y, a town of Germany, 

 in the marquifate of Burgau ; 7 miles S.W. of Burgau. 

 — Alfo, a town of the county of Werlheim, in the Spef- 

 fart ; 1 1 miles E. of Afchaffenburg. 



WALDT, a town of Upper Bavaria ; 8 miles S. of 

 Neu Getting. 



Waldt ^us, a river of Auftria, which rifes on the bor- 

 ders of Bohemia, and runs into the Danube, 8 miles below 

 StejTegg. 



WALDTHURN, a town of Germany, in the county 

 of Sternftcin ; 21 miles N.E. of Ambcrg. 



WALDTNIEL, or Niel, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Roer ; 2 miles E. of Rurcmond. 



WALDUBBA,afmallprovinceof Abyfrmi.i,fituatedbe. 

 tween therivers Guangueand Angrab. Waldubba, fignifying 

 " the valley of the hya;na," is a territory entirely inhabited 

 by monks, who have retired to this unwholefome, hot, and 

 dangerous country voluntarily, to fpend their lives in peni- 

 tence, meditation, and prayer. This too is the only retreat 

 of great men in difgrace or difguft. Thefe firft (have their 

 hair, and put on a cowl like the monks, renouncing the 

 world for fohtude, and taking vows which they refolvc to 

 keep no longer than exigencies require ; after which they 

 return to the world again, leaving their cowl and fanftity in 

 Waldubba. Thefe monks, however, are held ni great ve- 

 neration, and are believed to have the gift of prophecy, and 

 to work miracles ; and they are very aftive inftruments to ftir 

 up the people in the time of trouble. There are alfo wo- 

 men, who Aiould be called nuns, that occafionally go to 

 Waldubba, though not conftantly rofident there, and live in 

 familiarity with thefe faints, not altogether confiftent with 

 their fanftity. A hermit and a nun fometimes fequeflcr 

 themfelves for months, to eat herbs together in private upon 

 the top of the mountains. Thefe, on their return, are ex- 

 hibited as wonderful patterns of holinefs, lean, enervated, 

 and exhaufted. Mr. Bruce (Travels, vol. iii.) does not 

 prefume to decide, whether this change is to be wholly 

 afcribed to the herbs, as he never was at thefe retirements 

 of Waldubba. Tliofe who inhabit this diftriA are perpe- 

 tually fubjeft to fevers, and their colour is that of a corpfe : 

 many of them are dcilroyed by their neighbours the Shan- 

 galla ; though it is faid that they have been lately ftopped 

 by the prayers of the monks : but Mr. Bruce afcribes the 

 difcontinuance of tfie inroads of the Shangalla to the ra- 

 vages of the fmall-pox, by which their ftrength and number 

 are reduced, and whole tribes of them extinguifhcd. 



WALE, Samuel, in Biography, an artilt of fome ce- 

 lebrity in his day, was born in London, and was one of the 

 founders of the Royal Academy. He was firll engaged as 

 an engraver on plate, but having ihidied drawing ni the 

 Academy in St. Martin's-lane, he apphed himfelf to paint- 

 ing, imitating the manner of Francis Hayman. He exe- 

 cuted fevcral decorative pieces for cielings, but was chiefly 

 employed in making drawings of hiflorical defigns for the 

 bookfellers, the greater part of which was engraved by 

 Mr. Grignion. He alTilied Gwynn the architeft in liia 

 drawings, and as he had made himfelf acquainted with pcr- 

 ipeftive, he was appointed tlie firll profcffor in that fcicncc 



W A L 



in the Academy. Upon the death of Wilfon he was ap- 

 pointed hbrarian, and held both places till his own death, 

 which happened in 1786. 



WALE-KNOT, or WALL-ATno/, Single, is made by un- 

 twifting the ends of a rope, and making a bight with the 

 firft ftrand ; then paffing the fecond over the end of the firft, 

 and the third ftrand over the end of the fecond, and through 

 the bight of the firft, and haul the ends tight. ( See Plate I. 



^i^S'"S>f^'-4> 5-) 



W M.E-Knot, Double, is made by pafling the ends, fingly, 

 dole underneath the firft wale, and thrulling them upwards 

 through the middle, only the laft end comes up under two 

 bights. Fig. 6. 



W Ai.E-Reared, an obfolete phrafe, implying •waU-fided. 



WALEN, El, in Geography, a town of Africa, in the 

 country of Twat ; 115 miles W. of Gadamis. N. lat. 

 22° 15'. E. long. 3° 30'. 



WALENBURG, a town of the county of Henneberg ; 

 5 miles N.W. of Smalkalden. 



WALES, a large diftrift or portion of Great Britain, 

 fituated at the north-weftern extremity of the ifland, and 

 bounded on the north and weft by the Lifh fea, on the 

 fouth and fouth-eaft by the Briftol channel, and limited on 

 the eafl by the Enghfh counties of Monmouth, Hereford, 

 Salop, and Chefter. The length from north to fouth is, 

 on an average, 150 miles ; and the width from eaft to weft 

 65 miles. This area comprifes about 8125 fquare miles, 

 or 5,206,900 acres of land : of which, it appears, by the 

 reports to the board of agriculture, 900,000 acres are 

 arable, and 2,500,000 under pafturage ; leaving 1,700,000 

 acres in a ftate of wafte, of which 700,000 acres are re- 

 ported as capable of being brought into cultivation. Wales 

 was formerly of greater extent, having for its boundaries 

 the rivers Severn and Dee, as natural lines of demarca- 

 tion. The ancient dimenfions were, however, at various 

 periods, contrafted, by fevering from it portions of the 

 feveral counties, fituated wellward of ttiofe rivers ; and 

 taking out of it the whole county of Monmouth. The 

 limits of the various dillrifts of Wales, with the above ex- 

 ception, and their names, have been retained from a very 

 remote period to the prefent time, independently of the mo- 

 dern arrangement of them into fhircs, as impofed by the 

 Englifh government. The divifion made in the time of 

 Llewelyn ap GrufTydh, the laft prince of North Wales, 

 was into the three provinces of Aberfraw, Mathraval, and 

 Dinevwr. \n the diftribution of thefe into cantrefs or 

 hundreds, Aberfraw comprifed fifteen, which were again 

 fubdividcd into thirty-eight comots, or fmaller diftritts ; 

 Mathraval, fourteen cantrefs, fubdivided into fourteen co- 

 mots ; and Dinevwr, twenty-four, furtiicr divided into 

 feventy-eiglit comots. Nearly fimilar to this, is the prefent 

 civil divifion of the principality into twelve counties, fix in- 

 cluded ill Nortii Wales ; viz. Anglcfea, Caernarvon, Den- 

 bigh, Flint, Montgomery, and Merioneth ; and fix in South 

 Wales, wz. Cardigan, Radnor, Brecknock, Glamorgan, 

 Caermarthen, and Pembroke. The centurial divifious re- 

 main nearly the fame as in I^lewelyn's time. The whole 

 contains 58 market-towns, and 751 parilhes ; and according 

 to the enumeration made under the popuklion a<5l of 1811, 

 the number of houfes amounted to 123,512, inhabited by 

 61 1,788 perfons ; viz, 291,633 males, and 320,155 females: 

 36,044 families were returned as employed in trade, manu- 

 fafturcs, or handicraft; and 72,846 in agriciJture : and 

 the average fcale of mortality, according to rcgilleicd 

 burials, for a period of ten years, appears to have been in 

 the proportion of i to 60 of the exilliiig population. For 

 the adminiflraljon of jullia-, Wales is divided into four cir- 



cuiti, 



