W A L 



W A L 



fion, that the wales may not be wounded by too many 

 breaches. Falconer. 



Thofe flrakes of thick ftufF that are wrought on the 

 outfide of the (hip upon the main-breadth, or broadell part 

 of the body, are called the mam-nvafes. Thofe that are 

 wrought between the ports, which are the chantiel-nvales in 

 two-deck fhips, and the channel-wa'.es and middle orjheer-ivahs 

 in three-deck (hips. See Sinv- Building. 



WALET, in Geography, a city of Africa, and capital 

 of Beeroo, or Biroo ; 250 miles W. of Tombuftou. N. 

 lat. 15° 45'. W. long. 2° 45'. 



WALGOM, a town of the ifland of Ceylon ; 10 miles 

 N.W. of Candi. 



WALGRUND, an ifland in the gulf of Bothnia, and 

 one of the cluflcr called the Quarken Idands, about ten 

 miles long, but of unequal breadth, in fome places three 

 miles, in others not half a mile. The figure is very irregular. 

 N. lat. 63° 13'. E. long. 20° 58'. 



WALHAUSEN, a town of Saxony, in Thuringia ; 

 formerly an imperial palatine town ; 3 miles W.S.W. of 

 Sangerhaufen. — Alfo, a town of Switzerland, in the canton 

 of Lucerne ; 10 miles W. of Lucerne. 



WALHEIM, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Sambre and Meufe ; 4 miles N. of Gemblours. 



WALHOF, a town of the duchy of Courland ; 34 

 miles E. of Mittaw. 



WALHORN, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Ourthe ; 9 miles S. of Aix-la-Chapelle. 



WALI, or Walla, the title of an officer of the police 

 in various parts of the Ottoman empire ; who is the deputy 

 of the pacha, and patroles night and day, keeping a watch- 

 ful eye on the feditious, apprehending robbers, and, like 

 the pacha, judging and condemning without appeal. 

 This officer has a multitude of fpies, moll of whom are 

 thieves, and by their means knows every thing that pafles. 

 It is not, therefore, aftonifhing, fays Vohiey, that cities 

 like Cairo, Aleppo, and Damafcus, fhould be faier 

 than Genoa, Rome, or Naples ; but how dearly is this 

 fafety purchafed ! and how many innocent lives are facri- 

 ficed to the partiality and injuftice of the wah and his 

 agents ! The wali likewife prefides over the police of the 

 markets, infpefting the weights and meafures, and punifhing 

 delinquents with extreme feverity. For the fmallefl defi- 

 ciency in the weight of bread, meat, dates, or confedlionary, 

 he inflifts 500 Itrokes of the baftinado, and fometimes even 

 death. However, the office of wali does not comprehend 

 various objefts of utility that ought to be under the regu- 

 lation of the police, fuch as the cleanhnefs of the ftreets, 

 and the falubrity of the cities. They are never paved, 

 fwept, or watered, neither in Syria, nor in Egypt. 



WALILABO, in Geography, a river of the ifland of 

 St. Vincent, which runs into the fea, one mile north from 

 Prince's bay. 



WALINCOURT, a town of France, in the department 

 of the north ; 6 miles S.S.E. of Cambray. 



WALINGHURU, in Botany, a name by which fome 

 authors have called the plant, of which the medicinal zerum- 

 beth is the root. 



WALK, in Gardening, a dry firm track in the garden 

 or pleafure-ground, which is formed of different forts of 

 materials, as gravel, fand, &c. ; but where thefe cannot be 

 procured, it is fometimes l.iid with powdered coal, fea-coal 

 aflies, and powdered brick : thefe are, however, rarely ufed, 

 when either gravel or fand can be procured. Where fea- 

 coal afhes can be had they are preferable to powdered coal 

 or bricks, as they bind very hard, and never ftick to the 



8t 



feet in frofty weather. And for wildernefs-walks they are 

 better than moil other fubftances. There are likewife 

 walks fometimes formed of turf, or what are called 

 grafs- walks. 



In forming the firft fort of walks, when they have been 

 marked out, the earth Ihould be taken away to a certain 

 depth, that the bottoms may be filled with lime-rubbifh, 

 coarfe gravel, flint-ftones, or other rocky materials, to pre- 

 vent weeds from growing through the gravel, as well as to 

 keep away worm-cafts. It fhould be laid ten inches or a 

 foot thick, over which the coat of gravel Ihould be fix or 

 eight inches, which fliould be very fine, but not fcreened, 

 the large ftones only being taken out. When the gravel 

 has been laid to this thicknefs, they muft be exafUy levelled, 

 and raked true from all great drips, as well as little 

 holes : by this means, moft of the ftones will be raked 

 under the feet, which may either be evenly fprinkled back 

 over the laft length that is raked, or buried in the bottom. 

 Walks are frequently laid too round, fo as fcarcely to be 

 walked upon with pleafure, and fo as to lefTen the effeft of 

 their breadths. The ufual allowance for a gravel-walk of 

 five feet breadth, is about an inch rife in the crown : confe- 

 quently, if twenty feet wide, it will be four inches higher 

 i!i the middle than on each fide ; and for twenty-five feet, 

 five icches ; for thirty feet, fix inches ; and fo on in the 

 fame proportion. When the walk has been carefully laid, 

 trodden down, and raked, either in lengths, or the whole 

 together, it fliould be rolled well, both in length and crofs- 

 ways ; the perfon who rolls wearing (hoes with flat heels, 

 that he may not make holes ; as, when thefe are once made 

 in a new walk, they are not eafy to roll out again. In 

 order to lay them firm, it will be neceffary to give them 

 three or four rollings, after good waterings or heavy rains, 

 as this will caufe the gravel to bind, fo that when they be- 

 come dry they will be as hard as terrace. Iron-mould 

 gravel is faid to be the beft for binding, or fuch as has a 

 little binding loam amongft it ; which latter, though it be 

 apt to ftick to the heels of (hoes in wet weather, binds better 

 than any thing elfe in dry weather ; and when the gravel is 

 over-fandy or Iharp, clay is frequently mixed with it, which, 

 when caft together in heaps and well mixed, binds like a 

 rock : loofe gravel is very uncomfortable and uneafy to 

 walk on. 



Walks of this fort are not only neceffary near the houfe, 

 but one fliould always be carried quite round the garden, 

 as being (oon dry after rain, and proper for walking on in 

 all feafons and times. 



Thofe about the houfe fliould be larger than the others, 

 and laid out according to the particular nature and fituation 

 of the grounds in which they are to be formed. 



And the walks laid with fand or other materials, in the other 

 different parts of gardens or pleafure-grounds, fhould be 

 formed in the fame manner, having regard to the nature of the 

 foil, fo as to render them as dry as poflible at all feafons. The 

 breadth in thefe walks fhould be in fome meafure according 

 to the nature of the ground. Where this is fmall, five or 

 fix feet may be fufficient ; but in large grounds much 

 wider, as ten or twelve. In modern grounds of this fort, 

 they are moftly laid out in winding or ferpentine direftions, 

 according to the nature of the fcites, fo as to have them 

 concealed, and rendered as private as poflible, by the trees 

 and plants on their fides ; the turns being contrived in as 

 eafy and natural a way as can be effefted. See Garden, 

 Gravel, &c. 



In forming grafs-walks, diS'erent methods are had recourfe 

 to ; but previous to any of which, it is conilantly neceffary 



to 



