W A L 



W A L 



ftriiAed in fuch a manner as to contain fire-heat for the pur- 

 pofe of forwarding and ripening the fniit of the trees 

 planted and trained againft it at an early feafon, as already 

 feen in fpeakinp of garden-walls. It is commonly fupplied 

 with a frame of glafs-vvork in the front of it, extending to 

 different diftances according to circumftances ; but is fome- 

 times without this convenience, in which cafe the mod ma- 

 terial circumftance, befides the arrangements for the con- 

 veyance of the fire-heat, is that of the furnace, and the 

 contriving and conftrufting of a covering of canvafs or 

 netting which is to be let down over the trees in fevere 

 weather, and in the night time. The flues being conilrufted 

 in fuch a manner as to diftribute the fire-heat equally over 

 the whole, and of fufficient thicknefs to prevent its too 

 great efcape or diflipation, the moft fit and bed adapted 

 furnace for the purpofe, is that made in the foundery of Cook 

 and others in London, as well as in thofe of fome other 

 places, and which is employed in moft modern '.ot-houfes, 

 to which a damper is connefted. Its great fuperiority has 

 been found, in a ftriking manner, in many different inftances 

 where trials were made with it by Mr. London. The cover- 

 ing is bed contrived and conftrufted of Scotch gauze, or a 

 fmall fort of netting, on fmall rafters fixed from the top of 

 the wall into the border about three feet diftance from the 

 roots of the trees ; along the lower ends of which the roller 

 for containing the covering is to be fallened ; when by 

 means of cords and pulhes it can readily and with facility 

 be drawn up to the top of the wall, or rolled down, as there 

 may be occafion. 



On all walls of the hollow or forcing kind, a covering of 

 this nature is effentially neceflary, and fhould not be omitted, 

 as is too often the cafe, as it is of much importance in pre- 

 ferving the heat, and preventing the chilling effects of frofts, 

 dews, and other limilar wetneffes which are continually 

 taking place. The common modes of forming walls of the 

 hollow or forcing kind have been defcribed in confidering 

 garden->waUs, and improved methods of conflrudting the 

 flues in fuch cafes may be feen under the head ftove. See 

 Stove. 



Hollow walls too, it is fuppofed, may be advantageous 

 for thofe of the common garden kind, in many cafes, by 

 containing air, &c. See a paper by Mr. Stevenfon, in the 

 iirft volume of the Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticul- 

 tural Society. 



Hollow, flued, or forcing walls, arc very great acquiil- 

 tions to fruit gardens in the northern parts of the kingdom 

 on many accounts ; and it is faid to be a great improvement 

 in them not to have the furnaces placed too clofe upon the 

 walls, or the flues to lead too direftly forward to the front, 

 but the former to be kept back, and the latter to fwecp 

 along five or fix feel, before they reach the front brick- 

 work. 



W Ai.L-FruU is the name of all that fort which is pro- 

 duced by the trees which are planted and trained againft 

 walls, and which is raifed and procured by means of them, 

 mollly ui the fineil perfeftion. It comprehends a great 

 number of different forts of fruits both of tlic finer and 

 more common kinds, as all the peacli and nedtarine forts ; 

 moft of the apricot, fig, and vine kinds ; many of the finer 

 varieties of the plum, cherry, and pear forts'; fome of the 

 bell and moft early eating apples ; fomctimcs the early and 

 large mulberry ; the earlier and finer kinds of the goofe- 

 berry and the currant ; befides a variety of other forts in 

 different cafes. It confifts of much of the bed of our 

 finer as well as commoner forts of fruits, .md is that which 

 is generally held in moft eftimation, and of the grcatcd value 

 for the ufcs of luxjry. In order to Ir.ive it at the table in 



Vol. XXXVII. 



the grealeft perfeAion, it fliould always, in moft of the 

 kinds, be ufed as foon as poflible after it is taken from the 

 trees, and while it has its peculiar bloom upon it, as it be- 

 comes afterwards far inferior in its qualities for the purpofe 

 of eating as well as the beauty of its appearance. 



WALL-Trees, fuch fruit-trees as are planted againft walls, 

 and have their branches trained to them in a fanned or fome 

 other regular manner, from three or four to five or fix inches 

 afunder, in order to produce their fruits more early and in a 

 fnperior degree of perfeftion. They are trees of the more 

 tender kinds, or fuch as will not ripen their fruits in this 

 climate, unlefs trained againft walls of a foutherly afpeft, 

 to have the advantage of the full fun ; and of the feveral 

 forts of the hardier kinds, to obtain their fruits in earlier 

 maturity, and of an improved growth and flavour. 



The trees of this fort may be confidered as confiding of 

 two orders or forms of growth ; one of which is of the 

 common dwarf wall kind, and the other of the half dandard 

 wall fort. But thofe of other forms of growth may occa- 

 fionally be employed in this way with convenience and ad- 

 vantage. 



Thofe of the fird of thefc kinds are fuch as are trained 

 with fliort dwarf ftems of only a few inches in height, and 

 which, of courfe, are made to branch out near to the fur- 

 face of tlie ground, in order that they may cover the wall by 

 their difierent branches in a regular manner quite from the 

 bottom of it in an upward dircftion to the very top, being 

 laid in in fomewhat a horizontal or fanning direftion, at the 

 didance from each other of not more than from three or 

 four to five or fix inches, according to circumdances as al- 

 ready fuggeded. 



Thcfe are the common fort of wall-trees for general 

 planting in this way, all the different kinds being ufually 

 originally trained in the wall-tree order ; and for which ufe 

 thofe commonly raifed by means of grafting and budding 

 are always grafted and budded low in the dock or dem, as 

 within four or five inches of the upper part of the ground, 

 the fird main dioots proceeding direAly from the infertcd 

 grafts or buds, being when of one year's growth headed 

 down or cut in, in the early fpring months, to four or five 

 eyes, in order to the produftion of a proper fupply of late- 

 ral dioots, the fame year, from them near to the ground, to 

 give the trees tiie fuitable form of head at fird, they being 

 trained and laid in on the walls in a fprcading order both 

 ways of them, at their full lengths during the fummer ; and 

 ill the early fpring afterwards they are pruned or cut in to 

 fix or eight eyes for a further fupply of fimilar lateral 

 dioots, for the purpofe of increafing the bottom branches, 

 which are trained in the fame manner, in order to afford a 

 fuitable foundation, as it were, in the advanced heads, for 

 furnidiing in a gradual manner all the other neceffary 

 branches in a regular way up to the top of the walls, as 

 they may be wanted. And the fame methods mud be piir- 

 fued with fucli trees as are raifed and propagated by layers, 

 cuttings, and fuckers, as thofe of vines, figs, and fome 

 other forts, when they are intended for wall-trees; their 

 proper after-management being fuch as is directed under the 

 proper head of each individual fort. Sec thefe different 

 heads. 



The latter fort, or the half llandard wall-trees, are nfnally 

 trained with rather high dems of the ftandard kind, as from 

 three, four, or five, to fix feet, being grafted or budded at 

 fuch heights, in order that they may branch or throw out 

 dioots above in the way which has been already noticed. 



Thefe forms of trees arc fuited for occafional planting 



againd high walls between thofe of the common dwarf 



kind, ill the ticw of having the whole of them, both alinTc 



4 P and 



