W A L 



W A L 



aod below, covered as foon as poffible, as ttie dwarf trees 

 occupy the lower parts, while the half ftandards take up 

 the higher, and, of courfe, there is not any lofs of empty 

 fpace fuftained. This fort of wall-trees have likewife their 

 firft and fecond year's (hoots from the grafting or budding 

 pruned in the fame manner as directed above, for the forma- 

 tion of the heads of the common wall-trees, and they are 

 trained to the walls in cxaAly the fame modes ; their after- 

 management having a relation to their particular natures, as 

 may be feen under their refpeclive heads. See alio Stand- 

 ard Trees, and TRAINED Trea. 



The other forts arc only admitted as wall-trees, in parti- 

 cular cafes and fituations, and where they are of fuch na- 

 tures and kinds, as do not permit of the methods of pruning 

 and training, which are neceflary for the trees which are com- 

 monly employed as wall-trees. 



Wall-trees may therefore be eicher young plantable ones 

 of one year's growth with proper heads, raifed by means of 

 budding or grafting, planted at once where they are con- 

 ftantly to ftand and grow, to be pruned and trained in the 

 above manner ; or they may be ready trained young trees, 

 of three or four years' growth or more, lurnifhed with 

 fpreading branchy heads, which have been regulated and 

 wrought on the walls, palings, ftakes, or other forts of fup- 

 ports in nurfery grounds for the above lengths of time, and 

 which are advanced to the proper ftates of growth for im- 

 mediate bearing, being kept in fuch public grounds for the 

 fupplying of fuch perfons as are defirous of having their 

 walls immediately covered with fuch forts of trees The 

 particular methods to be purfued in pruning, training, and 

 managing each fort, ir>:^y be feen defcribed under the above 

 heads of Standard and Trained Trees. 



But there are befides, moflly in thefe nurfery grounds, a 

 great choice of all the different forts and varieties of the 

 fruit-tree kind for walls, both of the young untrained de- 

 fcriptions for being firft planted out and trained from the 

 beginning, as common dwarf or half ftandard wall-trees, 

 and which will reach the bearing ftate in from two or three 

 to four or five years, according to their kinds ; and of thofe 

 which have been already trained as above in all the different 

 forts proper for bearing in the following feafon. 



Thefe forts of trees mull be trained to fouth walls, for 

 the principal forts of the more dehcate or tenderer kinds, 

 fuch as peaches, neCtannes, apricots, grapes, figs. Sec, to 

 have the benefit of the full fun, as they do not ripen in good 

 perfeftion without this affiftance. Some of the bell varieties 

 of the principal forts of the hardier fruit-trees, as the moil 

 elteemed cherries, plums, and pears, Ihould be alfo trained 

 to thefe v/alls to produce early fruit in the greateft perfec- 

 tion ; alfo fome trees of the choicer forts of fummer and 

 autumn apples, to have the fruit earher, and of an improved 

 rich flavour for immediate eating : likewife foine of the beft 

 red and white currants and goofeberries ; and on weft and 

 eaft walls to have trees of moft of thefe forts, to ripen in 

 good perfeAion, in fucceflion to thofe on the fouth walls, 

 efpecially cherries, plums, and pears, and occafionally fome 

 eommon peaches, neftarines, and apncots ; but \'ines and 

 figs generally on fouth walls, efoecially vines, which- require 

 all poffible benefit of the full fun to ripen the grapes in 

 proper feafon, and with a rich flavour : the north walls are 

 ebgible for any of the common hardier fummer and autumn 

 fruits, as cherries, particularly morellos, plums, and pears, 

 for late ripening, to fucceed thofe of the more funny ex- 

 pofures, and to continue a longer fucoeffion of particular 

 Jprts, which ripen for immediate eating from the trees ; alfo 

 ■white and red currants for fucceffional ripening in the au- 

 tumn as has been already feen. 



The proper feafon for planting wall-trees is either in au- 

 tumn, as in Oftober, November, &c., or in fpring, as Fe- 

 bruary and March, or not later than the beginning of April, 

 but before that time, if poflttble ; as late fpring-planting, 

 after the young trees begin to pufh their Ihoot-buds, is often 

 attended with bad fuccefs, as they are apt to become ftunted 

 or quite flopped in their growth. 



The foil for wall-trees ihould be a good drv mellow gar- 

 den-earth, not lefs than one full fpade deep ; but if two or 

 more it will be advantageous : or where a good moderately 

 light loamy foil prevails, it is fuperi^r for moft forls of fruit- 

 trees ; and when enriched by good garden compoft it is ftill 

 more beneficial. The poorer borders (hould be enriched by 

 means of good furface loam and rotten dung before the 

 trees are planted in them. 



In planting wall-trees, the borders flnuld either be wholly 

 dug over a good depth, as two fpits, or the parts about 

 where the trees are to be placed only, proper fized circular 

 holes or pits being made in depth aid width according to 

 the nature of the roots of the tree plants, the mould takea 

 out being laid on the fides ; the diftances from each other 

 being regulated by the height of the walls and the nature of 

 the growths of the trees. For thofe of the peach, nefta- 

 rine, apricot, fig, plum, and cherry kinds, fifteen or eigh- 

 teen feet are little enough. Vines require from five to ten 

 and fifteen or mere feet, according as they may be trained 

 in upright, horizontal, or other direftions, as they admit of 

 all thefe feveral modes of regulating their heads. Pears, 

 apples, and other trees of fimil^r growths, ftiould have 

 eighteen or twenty feet, efpecially when worked on free 

 flocks, and thofe on dwarf flocks not lefs than fifteen or 

 eighteen feet of diftance from each other. 



The wall-trees intended to be planted are then to be care- 

 fully taken up from the nurfery or other grounds, with their 

 full fpread of roots as perfeft as poffible, the broken, bruifed, 

 and injured parts, with any tap-roots and flraggling ones, 

 being only cut awav and fliortened at the moment of re- 

 planting them ; and in the heads where they are young trees 

 of one or two years' growth only, with the firft main 

 branches or (hoots from the budding or grafting quite entire, 

 not having been headed down or cut in, in the nurfery, they 

 may be retained whole until after ihey are planted, or not be 

 pruned in until the fpring ; and where they are trained trees 

 of fome years growth with regular trained heads of fome 

 years (landing, the very irregular ill placed fore-right (hoots, 

 diforderly growths, and rank fummer (hoots, which are 

 unfitly fituatcd for training in (hoald be cut away : all the 

 well placed fide and terminal (hoots being left quite entire 

 until after the time of planting the trees at leaft. Then in 

 planting, place the trees in the pits or holes with the bot- 

 toms of the ftems about five or fix inches or more from the 

 walls, inclining the top parts and heads to them in a clofe 

 manner, fpreading the roots out with regularity in the pits 

 or holes, (hovelling in the mould or earth from the fides with 

 exadnefs and equality, breaking the lumps and clods well, 

 and (liaking the trees up and down a little, in holding them 

 by the ftems, in order to make the mould fink in well be- 

 tween the roots, fibres, and other parts, then filling them in 

 to the tops of the holes in a careful way, feeing that the 

 upper roots are at leaft three or four inches below the fur- 

 face, and ultimately treading the whole down in a moderate 

 manner, to fettle the earth about the roots, and give the trees 

 their proper pofitions againft the walls. Proper watering 

 will moftly be immediately neceffary in moft cafes, and which 

 may be repeated as there is occafion, to fettle the earth 

 more clofely, and promote the ftriking and growth of the 

 trees. 



WaU- 



