AV A I. 



walnut for the produce of its fruit {hould make choice of 

 the young trees for that ufe, in the places where they ftand, 

 when they have their fruit upon them. 



However, where thefe trees are intended for timber, it is 

 probably the beft praftice to plant them out at once in the 

 places where they are to Hand or grow, as they thrive fafter, 

 and form better trees, it is faid, in that method of raifing 

 them, than by any other means. The feed or nuts of the 

 two latter forts are to be procured from North America, 

 and fhould be fuch as have been well ripened and fecured. 



Thefe trees delight in a firm, rich, loamy foil, or fuch as 

 is inclinable to chalk or marie ; but they will thrive very 

 well, it is faid, in ground which is of a ftony nature, or on 

 chalk-hills, as is evident from thofe large plantations of them 

 about Leatherhead, Godilone, and Carfhalton, in the county 

 of Surrey, where great numbers of thefe trees, planted on 

 the downs near thefe places, produce, it is faid, annually 

 large quantities of fruit, to the no fniall advantage of their 

 ■owners. Mr. Carlifle found the walnut raifed from feed to 

 be produftive of fruit at a very early period, in one cafe, 

 when grown on a foil the furface mould of which was of a 

 dark colour, and of from eighteen to twenty inches in 

 depth : it was what the workmen called a light foil ; and 

 immediately beneath which was a fine filiceous fand, about 

 two feet thick ; then a ilratum of ochrey flint gravel ; after 

 which a red clay ; and, at the depth of twelve feet, good 

 water, arifing from clean white fand. 



The writer of the correfted account of the agriculture 

 of Gloucefterrtiire has, however, dated that this fort of 

 tree will grow almoil in any foil, that it wants no pruning 

 or care, and that in lefs time than the oak it will make a 

 large tree. 



In planting thefe trees, when they are defigned for the 

 purpofe of fruit, in fuch fituations, it (hould not be done at 

 lefs diltance apart than about forty feet ; and if more, it will 

 be the better m many cafes, where the foil is particularly 

 fuitable. But when for the wood or timber only, it may 

 be performed in fomewhat a clofer manner with propriety, 

 in moft inftanccs ; though the trees, in fuch cafes, Ihould 

 never be too much crowded together. Wlien for ornament, 

 fingle confpicuous trees have probably the bcit efFeft ; but 

 fometimes a few may be planted together with good effect. 



The above writer remarks that the wood of this tree is too 

 valuable to apply to the ufual purpofes of timber-trees, and 

 is confequently always ufed either for cabinet-work, or for 

 gun-ftocks : for the latter ufe indeed, fo great, it is faid, 

 has been the demand for a few years paft, from the Bir- 

 mingham gun-makers, that the diftridl he is fpeaking of has 

 been ranfackcd for this timber-wood, and very high prices 

 have been held out to tempt the fale of it. In confequence 

 of which, the ftock has been much diminifhed there, fo that, 

 with very few exceptions, only a folitary walnut-tree is feen 

 growing here and there ; but that in the parifh of Arling- 

 ham, in that county, there are more perhaps than in many 

 other parilhes of the fame diftrift combined : fo abundant 

 indeed was the fruit, it is faid, that year (1805), that it 

 became an article of commerce, and two veflels were then, 

 in the beginning of Oftober, being laden with walnuts for 

 Scotland, at the above place, at a rate as low as four or five 

 (hillings a thoufand ; and that even at this price, the pro- 

 duce of a tree of this fort is highly valuable, as 20,000 nuts 

 are not confidered an extravagant calculation for a large 

 tree. 



Nay, were it only for the oil that thefe nuts afford, the 

 trees that produce them would, fome think, be worthy of 

 fome care. Evelyn has indeed obferved, that one buihel of 



W A L 



them will yield fifteen pounds of peeled kernels, and that 

 thefe will yield half that weight of oil, which the fooner it 

 is drawn is the more in quantity, though the drier the nut 

 the better in quahty. It is added too, that the lee, or marc 

 of the prefling, is an excellent fubilance for feeding hogs 

 with. It would certainly be good manure for land, as 

 are the cakes of linfeed, rape, and fome others, after the 

 oil has been fqueezed out of them. The green hulks boiled, 

 without any mixture, it is faid, make a good colour for 

 dying a dark yellow ; and that the kernel rubbed upon any 

 crack or chink of a leaky veffel, will flop it better than 

 either clay, pitch, or wax. 



Thefe trees may, of courfe, be faid to be doubly profit- 

 able, as in their annual crops of fruit, while growing, and 

 in their timber, when felled or cut down. 



The nuts are the bell preferved, for planting and raifing 

 the trees, in fome fort of dry fandy material ; and advantage 

 is faid to be gained, in rendering the trees more early pro- 

 duftive, by fuch means as prevent their roots from running 

 too much downwards. 



In the intention of preferving and ufing the nuts or fruit 

 as feed, they (hould be left upon the trees until they be 

 perfeftly ripe, which is (hewn by the outer huflcs eafily fe- 

 parating from the nuts, and by thefe hulks occafionally 

 opening and letting the nuts drop out. It is ufually about 

 the latter end of September. In trees of large growth, the 

 nuts are ufually beaten down by long poles, as it would be 

 difficult and troublefome to gather them by the hand ; but 

 it (hould not be done with fuch violence as is commonly 

 ufed, from the mittaken notion that the trees are thereby 

 improved, as mofl certainly they cannot be benefitted by 

 fuch a rough manner of forcing off the young wood, upon 

 which this fruit moftly grows at the extremities of the 

 branches. As foon as gathered, they are to be laid in 

 heaps a few days to heat and fweat, to caufe the complete 

 feparation of the huflcs, then be cleaned from the rubbilh 

 that hangs about them, and be depofited in a dry room for 

 ufe, covering them well with dry ftraw, when they will keep 

 fome months. 



Walnuts are always of ready fale in the markets of large 

 towns, in which, at their firll coming in, they are com- 

 monly bought with their hu(l<s on, and fold by the fack or 

 bulhcl, but afterwards cleaned, and difpofed of both by 

 meafure and the thoufand. 



The ordinary length of time required for the walnut to 

 bear well, when raifed from the nut or feed, is moflly about 

 twenty years. 



WALO, in Geography, a town of Sweden, in the pro- 

 vince of Upland ; 30 miles N.E. of Upfal. 



WALOM, a town of Hindoodan, in Gnzerat ; 16 miles 

 S. of Puttan. 



W A LOON, or Walloon, a kind of old French; 

 being the language fpoken by the Walloons, or the in- 

 habitants of a confiderable part of the French and Auftrian 

 Low Countries ; -viz,, thofe of Artois, Hainault, Namur, 

 Luxemburg, and part of Flanders and Brabant. 



The Waloon is held to be the language of the ancient 

 Gauls, or Celts. 



The Romans, having fubdued feveral provinces in Gaul, 

 eftabli(hed praetors, or proconfuls, &c. to adminifter juf- 

 tice in the Latin tongue. On this occafion, the natives 

 were brought to apply themfelves to learn the language of 

 their conquerors ; and thus they introduced abundance of 

 the Roman words and phrafes into their own tongue. 



Of this mixture of Gauliih and Latin was formed a new 

 language, called Romans ; in contradiHindlion to the ancient 



unadulterated 



