WAR 



W A ft 



inhabitants ; but, a few modern buildings being interfpcrfed, 

 afford a ftriking mixture of mean and handfome houfes. 

 According to the population return of the year i8ii, the 

 town contained 2639 houfes and 11,728 inhabitants. A 

 charter for a market and two fairs was obtained in the reign 

 of Edward I. by fir Thomas Boteler, of Bewfey, where a 

 moated manfion ftill remains. The market-day is Wednefday. 

 The principal trade of the place confifts in the mauufafture 

 and fale of fail-cloth, or poledavy ; but fome coarfe linens and 

 checks are made in the town and in its vicinity. The former 

 is chiefly compofed of hemp and flax mixed, and fome forts 

 are manufaftured with flax alone : the raw materials are 

 mollly brought from Ruflla, and imported into Liverpool, 

 whence to Warrington is a cheap and expeditious water car- 

 riage by the Merley. Among other manufaftures of this 

 place, may be fpecified pin-making, glafs-making, and iron- 

 founding. Warrington may, in fome meafure, be confidered 

 as a port-town, the Merfey admitting, by the help of the 

 tide, veffels of feventy or eighty tons burthen to Bank Quay, 

 a little below the town, where warehoufes, cranes, and other 

 conveniences for landing goods, are erefted. The fpring- 

 tides rife to the height of nine feet. Upwards, the river 

 communication extends to Manchefter. The parifli-church 

 of Warrington is an ancient ftruAure, and contains many 

 old handfome monuments : here is alfo a chapel of eafe, 

 erefted in 1760 : likewife places of worfliip for Catholics, 

 Prefbyterians, Anabaptifts, Methodifts, and Quakers. A 

 well-endowed free-fchool is ellablifhed here ; and a charity- 

 fchool for educating and maintaining poor children of both 

 fexes. About the middle of tlie lad century, a feminary for 

 educating youth on a liberal academical plan was inllituted, 

 and fupported by fubfcriptions, chiefly among the Diflenters : 

 it was denominated the Warrington Academy, and flouriflied 

 a confiderable period under the care of tutors of eminence ; 

 but at length funk, through want of adequate fupport, and 

 the difficulties in maintaining proper difciphne. A ftone 

 bridge crofTes the Merfey from Warrington, built by the earl 

 of Derby in the reign of Henry VII. As there is no other 

 bridge over the MerCey between this place and Liverpool, 

 nor for many miles eall of it towards Manchefter, the pafs 

 here has been a poll of confequence in the civil commotions 

 of this kingdom. Tlie moft memorable event of this kind 

 occurred in 1648, when a large body of the fugitive Scotch 

 army, under the duke of Hamilton, was purfued from Rib- 

 bleton-moor ; and though they made an obltinate refiftance 

 for fome hours at this bridge, yet above looo men were killed, 

 and 2000 taken prifoners. Again, in i6ji, general Lam- 

 bert, who commanded on the former occafion, fixed on this 

 fpot to oppofe the Scotch army under the young king, who 

 was here repulfed. In the year 1745 alfo, the middle arches 

 of the bridge were broken down, to check the progrcfs of 

 the rebels, and reftored again on the termination of the infur- 

 reftion. — Beauties of England and Wales, vol. ix. Lanca- 

 fhire. By J. Britton, F.S.A. 1807. Aikin's Defcriplion 

 of the Country round Manchefter, 4to. 1795. 



Warrinoton', a townfhip of Pennfylvania, in the county 



of York, containing i 105 inhabitants Alfo, a townfhip of 



Pennfylv.inia, in Bucks county, containing 429 inhabitants ; 

 20 miles N.N.E. of Philadelphia. 



WARRIOR, Mark, a townftiip of Pennfylvania, in 

 Huntingdon county, containing 672 inhabitants. 



WARRIORE, a town of Ilindooftan, in the Carnatic ; 

 32 miles N.N.E. of Tanjore. N. lat. 11° 16'. E. long. 



79° ^5'- 



WARRIORS' Branch. S*e Rkd Rivvr. 



WARSAW, a city of Saxony, and capital of a duchy, 

 late a city of Poland, and capital of the p.datinatc of Ma- 



V©L. XXXVII. 



fovia, fituated on the Viftula, almoft in the centre of the 

 kingdom. It is furrounded with a moat and double wall, 

 and confifts of Old and New Town, and two fuburbs, Kraka 

 and Praga. The general diets of Poland were ufually held 

 here, as well as the provincial affembly, and court of judica- 

 ture. Here are feveral elegant ftone buildings and palaces, 

 a great number of beautiful churches and convents, a hofpital, 

 and an arfenal. King Sigifmund III. was the firft who made 

 this city the royal refidence, and his fucceffors refided here 

 ever after. In the year 1569, in order to gratify the Li- 

 thuanians, the diet was removed to Warfaw. The Poles 

 laid fiege to it in the year 1656, and after a moft vigorous 

 defence, obliged the town to furrender. By the articles of 

 capitulation, the Swedes were permitted to leave the place ; 

 but the beft part of the plunder they had amafled together 

 fell into the hands of the Poles. However, Charles Guf- 

 tavus approaching with an army to the relief of the town, 

 kuig John Cafimir marched againft him, and a battle was 

 fought near the fuburb of Praga, which lafted three days. 

 At laft the Poles were obliged co retreat, leaving behind them 

 their baggage and artillery, upon which the Swedes placed 

 a fmall garrifon in the town, and deftroyed the fortifications. 

 In the year 1702, Charles XII. of Sweden made himfelf 

 mailer of Warfaw, which happened to be then without a 

 garrifon, and fixed his head-quarters at Praga. In the 

 month of June 1794, the king of PrufTia laid fiege to War- 

 faw ; but on a rumour of difturbances in his own dominions, 

 his forces were, after a fruitlefs attempt for three months, 

 withdrawn. The Ruffians afterwards fummoned Warfaw 

 to furrender, and on being refufcd, after the junftion of the 

 different corps under Ferfen, Dernfeld, Deiiifow, andJSn- 

 warrow, they proceeded, on the 4th of November, to attack 

 the fuburbs of Praga. In the mean time, the generals Ma- 

 dalindci and Dambrowflii threw themfelves into Warfaw, and 

 prepared for refiftance. The fuburb of Praga was defended 

 by more than a hundred pieces of cannon, difpufed upon 

 thirty-three batteries. Little intimidated by fo formidable a 

 force, the ferocious Suwarrow commanded his foldiers to 

 mount to the aflault in the fame manner they had done at 

 Ifmail, by climbing over the dead and wounded bodies of 

 their comrades, as well as of their enemies. His farther 

 commands were, that they fliould fight only with the fabre 

 and bayonet. The Ruflians fprung to the charge with al- 

 moft inconceivable impctuofity ; they eagerly began to climb 

 the works, and the fix Ruffian columns, by Angular good 

 fortune, prefented themfelves at the fame moment before the 

 lines of Praga. Thus furrounded, the Polifti generals foimd 

 themfelves unable to oppofe with 10,000 foldiers, which was 

 the whole of their force, the united attack of yo,ooo men : 

 and to add to their diftrcfs, the fire which they immediately 

 commenced, from the darknefs of the night, was fo ill di- 

 rcftcd, as to pafs over the heads of the afl^ailar.ts. The cry 

 r.iifed by the fucccfsful columns penetrated to the intronch- 

 ments on the other fide of the Viftula, and added to the con- 

 fternation of the Poles engaged with the other part of the 

 Ruffian force ; and they endeavoured to find fafety by 

 retiring into Warfaw, over a bridge. In their retreat they 

 were met by another body of Ruffians, and .1 dreadful car- 

 nage enfued, in whicli a great part of the garrifon of Praga 

 was miferably flaughtered. After a fevere conflict of eigEt 

 hours, the refiftance ou the part of the Poles ceafed ; but 

 the malfacre lafted for two hours longer, and the pillage 

 lafted till noon on the following day. Five thonfand Poles 

 were computed to have been flain in tiie aflault, the remaio- 

 der were cither imprifoned or difperfed. The citizens were 

 compelled to lay down their arms, and their houfes wer* 

 plundered by the mcrcilefs Ruffians j who, after the battle 

 4 X liad 



