WAS 



WAS 



effence of the berry than that prepared by our dillillers, 

 in the common way of adding the berry to the malt-fpirit, 

 and diftiUing it from them again. 



Wafh, being of a mucilaginous or fomewhat ghitinous 

 nature, requires management to prevent its fcorching, and 

 make it work kindly in the llill : if it ftiould happen to be 

 burnt in the operation, the fpirit will have a moft difagree- 

 able flavour, and fuch as can never be got off again, with- 

 out very great labour, and a particular treatment not known 

 to every body. To prevent this ill efFeft, there muft be 

 three things obferved ; the hquor, or warti, muft be made 

 dilute, the fire mull; be well regulated, and the whole kept 

 in a conftant agitation. The manner of making the warti 

 dilute has been long known among the more judicious dif- 

 tillers in this branch, and they have always found their 

 fpirit the purer for it. The fire is eafily kept regular, by 

 a conftant attendance, and avoiding hafty ftirring it, or 

 throwing on new fuel ; and the ftirring of the liquor in 

 the ftill is to be effefted by means of a paddle, or bar kept 

 in the liquor, till it juft begins to boil, which is the time for 

 luting on the head ; and after which there is no great dan- 

 ger, but from the improper management of the fire : this 

 IS the common way, but it is hard to hit the exaft time when 

 to lute down the head ; and the doing it either too foon, or 

 too late, is attended with great inconvenience, fo that many 

 have found out the other methods, of either putting fome 

 moveable folid bodies into the ftill with the wafti, or placing 

 fome proper matter at the bottom and fides of the ftill, 

 which are the places where the fire atts ftrongeft. 



There is another inconvenience attending the diftiUing of 

 malt-fpirit, which is, when all the bottoms, or grofs mealy 

 feculence, are put into the ftill along with the liquor, the 

 thinner part of the wafti going off in form of fpirit, the 

 mealy mafs grows by degrees more and more ftiff, fo as to 

 fcorch towards the latter part of the operation. The 

 method ufed to remedy this, is to have a pipe with a ftop- 

 cock, leading from the upper part of the worm-tub into 

 the ftill ; fo that, upon a half or quarter turn, it may con- 

 tinually fupply a little ftream of hot-water in the fame pro- 

 portion as the fpirit runs off, by which means the fear of 

 fcorching is taken away, and the operation at the fame 

 time not at all retarded. In Holland, the malt-diftillers 

 work all their wafti thick, with the whole body of the 

 meal among it ; yet they are fo careful in the keeping of 

 their ftills clean, and fo regular and nice in the management 

 of their fires, that, though they ufe no artifice at all on this 

 head, only to charge the ftill while it is hot and moift, they 

 very rarely have the misfortune to fcorch, except now and 

 then in the depth of winter. When fuch an accident has 

 once happened in a ftill, they are extremely folicitous and 

 careful to fcrape, fcrub, and fcour off the remains of the 

 burnt matter, otherwife they find the fame accident very 

 liable to happen again in the fame place. But beyond all 

 the other methods in ufe on this occafion, would be the 

 working the ftills not by a dry heat, but in a balneum 

 Marix, which might poffibly be fo contrived by the bafon 

 being large, and capable of working a great many ftills at 

 once, as to be extremely worth the proprietor's while in all 

 refpefts. Shaw's Effay on Diftillery. See Fermentation, 

 and MALr-Di/lUkry. 



Wash is alfo ufed for the ftiallow part of a river, or arm 

 of the fea, as the waflies in Lincolnftiire. 



Wash, the blade of an oar, or the thin broad part that 

 is preffed againft the water in rowing. See Oar. 



WASH-BoarJ, in a Ship, a broad thin plank, fixed occa- 

 fionally on the top of a boat's fide, fo as to extend the 



height thereof, and be removed at pleafure. It is ufed 

 to prevent the fea from breaking into the veffel, particularly 

 when the furface is rough, as in tempeftuous weather. 

 Falconer. 



Wash, in Painting. See Washing. 



W ASH-Lime, for ioardingf walls, Is'c, in Rural Economy, 

 that uftd for covering and preferving fuch works. An 

 excellent wa(h for this ufe is faid to be prepared by put- 

 ting into a tub of fix or eight gallons fize a quantity of 

 water fufficient to half fill the fame ; and then adding 

 thereto of clean (harp fand, and of Mmefrejh burnt, in about 

 equal quantities, as much as will make, when well-ftirred 

 up and mixed, a wafh of moderate confiftence. By means 

 of this wafti, as foon as it is made, the boarding and walls, 

 &c. of any barns or buildings, are to be paffed or laid over, 

 keeping the fand conftantly well ftirred up, fo that the 

 brufh may take it up as well as the lime. As the quantity 

 of the vva(h in the tub decrcafes, more fand and more lime 

 are, by degrees, to be added in fmall proportions, being 

 careful to make up no more walh at one time than will be 

 immediately made ufe of bv the workman. The quicker 

 or the more frefti the lime the better, which, if good and 

 proper for the purpofe, will make the wafti hot ; and if it 

 be required to make the wafti pai-ticularly hard and durable, 

 it will be the beft and moft certainly effefted by making 

 ufe of boiling water inftead of fuch as is cold, taking care 

 to make it only in fuch quantity that it can be laid on the 

 boards while hot. 



This wafh is cheap, and of admirable ufe, it is fa:d» 

 in many cafes of boarding, faving the heavy charge of 

 painting with oil paint. 



Wash, in /Agriculture, the refufe liquid which is formed and 

 left in many ways and cafes ; and alfo that which remains 

 after the diftillation of grain for fpirit. The former, as 

 well as the latter forts, are much ufed as the food of fwine, 

 whence they are frequently called hog-wafti. The wafti of 

 the diftilleries has likewife been lately found very beneficial 

 and advantageous in the fattening of neat cattle. See Hog, 

 St Ahl.- Feeding, and SwiNE. 



Any of thefe liquid matters, when thickened a little with 

 fome fort of mealy fubftance, form good fattening food for 

 young hogs. See Hay, Tea, and Soup. 



Hard, dry, cut fodder, of fome kind or other, ftiould 

 conftantly too be ufed with the laft fort of wafti. 



WAsnybr rough-cajl Stone and Wall-Buildings, in Rural 

 Economy, that which is ufed for preferving and rendering 

 them more durable and handfome. It is faid that a highly 

 protefttng and ornamental wafti for thefe purpofes is formed 

 and prepared by mixing well together four parts of powdered 

 lime, three of good ftiarp fand, two of powdered wood- 

 afties, and one of the droffy refufe matter left in the making 

 of iron ; making them into a fufficiently fluid ftate, fo that 

 they may be applied by means of a proper brufti. The 

 appearance which is thus afforded to fuch buildings, when 

 they become dry, is that of new Portland ftone, and 

 they render the penetrating effefts of wet and moifture of 

 little or no difadvantage from whatever quarter they may 

 come. 



It may be noticed, too, that great benefit in the way of 

 durability and ornament may be produced in fuch cafes by 

 the cornices, window-foles, door-frames, and other fuch 

 parts being fanded. The method of doing which is, by 

 firft painting them with thickifti white paint, and then im- 

 mediately daftiing them with ftiarp white fea or other fand, 

 by means of a fort of dredging-box : the effeft is, it is faid, 

 that of an exceedingly good imitation of Jlone. In thisi 



way 



