WAS 



grey, the hair brownifh, the cloak red, the coat anJ the 

 ftockings of different colours ; let another plate of well po- 

 liilied copper be procured, and fitted to the fize of the 

 firft : when this ungraved plate is varnilhed with white var- 

 iiifh, let a proof frefli drawn from the engraved plate be laid 

 upon it, exaftly in the place where the engraved plate has 

 made the impreffion, and then fpread two blankets upon the 

 table of the prefs, and lay the varnifhed plate upon them, 

 with the proof lying upon it ; and having covered them with 

 two or three other blankets, pafs them under the roller of 

 the prefs. When the blankets and proof are taken off the 

 plate, the white varnilli will have the fame impreffion with 

 that of the proof, in the manner of a counter-proof ; and 

 the outlines of the hat, hair, cloak, &c. mufl be traced with 

 a very fine needle, and the plate then gently corroded. 

 After this, the varnifh (honld be taken off the plate ; and 

 fome proofs fliould be taken from it on ftrong paper allumed, 

 or upon cartoon, very thin and well beaten ; which (hould 

 be previoufly moiftencd, by lying in a damp cellar for a 

 night, or two, or by putting it among the paper moiftened 

 sn order to be printed. The proofs being made, and the 

 cartoons or paper on which they were prmted being dry, the 

 part enclofed in the outline of the cloak fhould be co- 

 loured with a red ground ; that within thofe of the head 

 with a brown ground of biftre, and, the fame of the reft. 

 The (heet thus coloured muft then be put into the cellar, in 

 order to moiften it ; and having fpread fome of the blankets 

 on the table of the prefs, the coloured (heet muft be laid 

 upon them, with the blank fide downwards. After having 

 inked all the firft plate, that has the entire engraving upon 

 it, in the manner for printing at other times, it muff be put 

 upon this leaf with the engraved fide downwards, fo that 

 the parts of which the outline is marked on the fheet, may 

 exaftly coincide with thofe correfponding to them in the 

 plate ; and then two or three blankets being laid over them, 

 the whole muft be paifed through the rollers. After which, 

 the flieet being uncovered, will be found printed upon the 

 colours, in a manner that renders the effeA much more beau- 

 tiful than that of thofe printed and coloured upon the 

 printing, as in the common way. Handmaid to the Arts, 

 vol. ii. p. 212, &c. 



Washing Colours, a denomination given to fuch colours 

 as are tranfparent in water ; in contradiftinftion from thofe 

 called glazing colours, which are pigments poffeffing the pro- 

 perty of becoming tranfparent in oil. 



Washing over of Colours. The waffling orcleanfing of 

 fome colours maybe thus performed : — Take the colours to 

 be wafhed, and put them, after having been well levigated 

 or pounded, into a veffel of fair water ; ftir it about till the 

 water be all coloured with it, and if any filth fwim on the 

 top of the water, fcum it clean off, and when you think the 

 groffeft part of the colour is fettled at the bottom, then 

 pour off that water into another earthen veffel, that may 

 contain the firft veffel full of water four or five times ; then 

 pour more water into the firft veffel, and ftir the remaining 

 colour till the water be thick, and after it is a little fettled, 

 pour that water alfo into the fecond veffel. Let this be re- 

 peated till all the fineft of the colour is drawn off, and no- 

 thing but coarfe gritty ftuff remains behind. Then letting 

 the water in the fecond veffel ftand to fettle, till it is perfectly 

 clear, pour it off, and referve the waftied colour in the bot- 

 tom of the veffel for ufe. 



The colours to be thus waflied are red-lead, blue and 

 green bice, verditer, blue and green fmalt, Spanifti brown, 

 yellow ochre, &c. 



Washings, or IVaJhes, among Goldfmiths, Coiners, &c. 

 .are the lotions by which they recover the particles of gold 



WAS 



and filver out of the fweep, i. e. afties, earths, fweepingi, 

 &c. 



This is either performed by fimply wa(hing them again 

 and again, or by putting them in the waftiing-mill. 



To make one of thefe wafties, they not only gather to- 

 gether the a(hes of the furnaces, and fweepings of the 

 work-houfes ; but they alfo break and pound the old earthen 

 crucibles, and the very bricks of which the furnaces are 

 built ; little particles of gold, &c. being found to ftick to 

 them, by the flying off natural to thofe metals, when in 

 their laft degree of heat. 



Thefe matters being well ground, and mixed together, 

 are put in large wooden bafons, where they are waffled fe- 

 veral times, and in feveral waters, which run off, by inch- 

 nation, into troughs underneath ; carrying with them the 

 earth, and the infenfible particles of the metals, and only 

 leaving behind them the larger and more confiderable ones, 

 which are vifible to the eye, and are finally taken out with 

 the hand without more trouble. 



To get out the finer parts, gone off with the earth, they 

 ufe quickfilver, and a waftiing-miU. This mill confiits of a 

 large wooden trough, at bottom of which are two metalline 

 parts, ferving as mill-ftones ; the lower being convex, and 

 the upper, which is in form of a crofs, concave. 



At the top is a winch, placed horizontally, which turns 

 the upper piece round ; and at bottom is a bung, to let out 

 the water and earth, when fufEciently ground. 



To have a wafti, then, the trough is filled with common 

 water ; into which they caft thirty or forty pounds of quick- 

 filver, and two or three gallons of the matter remaining 

 from the firft lotion. Then turning the winch, they give mo- 

 tion to the upper mill-ftone ; which grinding the matter and 

 the quickfilver violently together, the particles of gold and 

 filver become the more eafily amalgated with it ; this work 

 they continue for two hours : when opening the bung, the 

 water and earth runs out, and a freffi quantity is put in. 



The earths are ufually thus paffed through the mill three 

 times ; and the fame quantity of mercury ufually ferves all 

 the three times. When there is nothing left in the mill but 

 the mercury, united with the gold and filver which it has 

 amalgated, they take it out, and waftiing it in divers waters, 

 they put it in a ticken bag, and lay it in a prefs, to fqueeze 

 out the water, and the loofe quickfilver : the remaining 

 quickfilver they evaporate by fire, in a retort, or an alem- 

 bic. And the metal which remains they refine with lead, or 

 part it with aqua fortis. 



Washing Fruit-Trees and Plants, in Gardening, the prac- 

 tice of cleaning and removing infetls and difeafes from them 

 by fuch means. It is well known that thefe forts of trees 

 and plants are very liable to be infefted and injured in thefe 

 ways by many different kinds of infefts, and the difeafes 

 which are produced by them, as well as in other ways. It 

 has been found greatly ufeful in deftroying and removing the 

 blue infeft, the coccus, and the pine-bug, as well as in 

 curing and clearing the trees of the mildew, hoiieydew, and 

 fome other fuch affeAions. The tlue infeft that breeds on 

 the bark of different forts of wall-trees has been beneficially 

 treated in fome cafes by fimply waffling the trees with ftale 

 chamber ley, by means of a garden-engine, they being un- 

 nailed for the purpofe. This has been done in fo fevere a 

 froft, it is faid, that the liquid was foon converted into ice 

 upon the branches, with much feeming advantage. It does 

 not appear, however, that the applying of the liquor in the 

 time of liard froft is abfolutely neceffary to the fuccefs of 

 the method ; as trees waftied in frefti weather are equally 

 cleaned and cleared by the ufe of it. When on apple-trees, 

 die bruftiing and waffling with a mixture formed by foft- 



foapj 



