WATER. 



An account of a new engine for raifmg water, in which chines, vulgarly called fteam-engines, in order to extract' 

 horfes or other animals draw without any lofs of power water from mines, convey it to towns, and jets d'eaux in 

 (which has never yet been praftifed 



of the pillon may be made of any length, to prevent the 

 lofs of water by too frequent opening of valves, &c. by 

 Walter Churchman. Phil. Tranf. 1734. 



Sur I'efFet d'une machine hydrauhque propofee, par M. 

 Segner, par M. Leon. Euler. Mem. Acad. Scien. Ber- 

 lin, 1750. 



Application de la machine hydraulique de M. Segner, a 

 toutes fortes d'ouvrages et de fes avantages fur les autres 

 machines hydrauliques, par M. Leon. Euler. Mem. Acad. 

 Scien. Berlin, 1751. 



[M. Segner's machine is no other than the firaple yet 

 truly ingenious contrivance known by the name of Barker's- 

 miU, which has been defcribed in the 2d volume of Defa- 

 guliers' Philoiophy, fome years before the German pro- 

 feflbr made any pretenfions to the honour of the invention. 

 The theory of it is likevvife treated by John Bernouilli at 

 the end of his Hydraulics. 3 



Recherches fur une nouvelle mani^re d'elever de I'eau 

 propofee, par M. de Mour, par M. L. Euler. Mem. Acad. 

 Berlin, 1751. 



Difcultion particuliere de diverfes manieres d'elever del'eau 

 par le moyen des pompes, par M. L. Euler. Mem. Acad. 

 Berlin, 1752. 



Maximes pour arranger le plus avantageufement les ma- 

 chines deftinees a elever de I'eau par le moyen des pompes, 

 par M. L. Euler, Mem. Acad. Ber. 1752. 



Refledlions fur les machines hydrauliques, par M. le 

 Chevalier D'Arcy, Mem. Acad. Scien. Paris, 1754. 



Memoires fur les pompes, par M. le Chevalier de Borda, 

 Mem. Acad. Scien. Paris, 1768. 



Dan. Bernouilli, Expofitio theoretica fingularls machimt 

 hydraulicte. Figuris helvetiorum exftruftoe. Nov. Com. 

 Acad. Petrop. 1772 



y 101s or power water from mines, convey it to towns, and jets 

 and how the itrokes gardens, to procure water-falls for fulling, hammering, 

 ftamping, rolling, and corn-mills, by William Blakey, 1793. 

 Egerton. 



Machines aduated by the Force of Currents or Streams of 

 Water. — Thefe are very numerous, but all may be reduced 

 to two kinds. 



Firft, thofe which are adapted to receive the impulfe of 

 moving water ; that is, water which has been put in motion 

 in confequence of a defcent towards the earth previoufly to 

 its operating on the machine, which muft be provided with 

 parts proper to refill and take away fome of the motion of 

 tuch water, and it will thereby receive motion which may be 

 applied to produce fome mechanical effeft. Of this kind are 

 underfhot and horizontal water-wheels. 



Secondly, thofe machines which are provided with fome 

 kinds of bucket'i or vcfTels to contain water, the weight of 

 wliich buckets, and the water they contain, is fupported by 

 the machine, fo that the water cannot defcend towards the 

 earth in confequence of its gravitation, without giving mo- 

 tion to the buckets or veflels which contain and lupport It. 

 Of this kind is the over-fhot water-wheel, breaft-wheel, 

 chain of buckets, and prelTure-engine. 



In either cafe, the motive force or power is the fame ; 

 viz. the gravitation and motion of fuch bodies or maffes of 

 water as are found more elevated above the furface of the 

 earth than the general level of the fea, or of fome other 

 water in its neighbourhood ; fuch water will defcend by the 

 force of gravity until it joins the fea, or until it is fupported 

 or held up by fome fixed obftacle. 



The difference between the two kinds of machines is, that 

 in the firft cafe the water is fuffered to defcend before it 

 operates upon the machine, and in confequence of its gra- 

 vitation, acquires motion with a velocity proportioned to 

 the fpace through which it has defcended ; and the office 



Abhandlungen von der Waflerfchraube, von D. Scherffer, of the machine is to take from the moving water as much 



Priefter Wien. 1774 



Recherches fur les moyens d'executer fous I'eau toutes 

 fortes detraveaux hydrauliques, fans employer, aucun epuife- 

 ment, par M. Coulumb. 1779. 



Saemund Magnulfen, Holm, Efterretning om flcye pum- 

 pen Kiobenhavn, 1779. 



Moyen d'augmenter la viteffe dans le mouvement de la 

 vis d'Archimede fur fon axe, tire des memoires manufcrits 

 de M. Pingeron, fur les arts utiles et agreables. Journ. 

 d'Agric. Juin. 1780. 



The Theory of the Syphon, plainly and methodically 

 illuftrated, 178 1. { Richardfon. ) 



Memoria fopra la nuova tromba funiculare umiliata, dal. 

 Can. Carlo. Caftelli. Milano, 1782. 



Differtation de M. de Parcieux fur le moyen d'elever 



of its compounded weight and motion, or power, as it can 

 obtain. 



In the other cafe, the machine receives its motion and 

 power at the fame time, when the water acquires it, by de- 

 fcending ; or, in other words, the machine moves with the 

 water. 



The wori power, as ufed in praftical mechanics, fignifies 

 the exertion of llrength, gravitation, impulfe, or prefTure, 

 fo as to produce motion ; and a machine adluated by means 

 of ftrength, gravitation, impulfe, or preffure, compounded 

 with motion, is capable of producing an effeA : and no 

 effecl is properly mechanical but what requires fuch a kind 

 of power to produce it. 



The mufcular power of animals, as likewife prelTure, im- 

 paA, gravity, elcftricity, &c. are looked upon as forces, 



I'eau par la rotation d'une corde verticale fans fin Amfter- or fources of motion ; for it is an incontrovertible fatt that 



dam et Paris, 1792. 



Theorie der Wirzichen fpiral pumpe erlaiitert von Heinr. 

 Nicander, Schwed, Abhandl. 1783. 



Jac. Bernouilli, Effai fur une nouvelle machine hydrau- 

 lique propre a elever de Tuau, ct qu'on pcut nommer 

 machine pilotienne. Nov. Aft. Acad. Petrop. 1786. 



K. Ch. Langfdorf's Berechnuiigen iiber die vortheil- 

 hiftere benutzung angelegter fammelteiche zur betreibung 

 der raafchinen. A.A. Acad. Eletf . Mogunt, 1784, 1785. 



Nicander's Theorie de fpiral pumpe, 1789. 



Nouvelle architeiSlure hydrauhque, par M. Prony, 1 790, 

 1796. 



bodies expofed to the free aftion of either of thefe are put 

 in motion, or have the ftate of their motion changed. All 

 forces, however various, can be meafured by the efFefts they 

 produce in hke circumllances ; whether the effefts be 

 creating, accelerating, retarding, or deflefting motions : 

 the effecl of fome general and commonly obferveJ force is 

 taken as unity. 



The moft proper meafure of power is the aft of raifing 

 fome weight with fome velocity of motion ; that is, the 

 overcoming of the gravitating force of a weight in fuch de- 

 gree as to produce motion in oppofition to gravity. In 

 confidcring the quantum, the weight or mafs of matter 



A (hort account of the invention, theory, and praftice of operated upon muft be one quantity, and the velocity of the 

 fire-machinery; or introdutiion to the art of m. iking ma- motion communicated is the other ; the mechanical power is 



the 



