WATER. 



Altitude of 

 the Jet. 



Altitude of the 

 Refervoir. 



Quantity of 



Water rilfcharged 



in a Minute from 



an AHjutag^e fix 



Lines i:i 



Diameter. 



Piris Pints. 



32 

 45 

 56 

 65 



73 

 81 



88 

 95 



lOI 



108 

 114 

 120 

 125 



131 



136 

 142 



147 

 152 

 158 

 163 



Diameter of 



the Conduit- 

 Pipe, fuited 



to the 



two preceding 



Columns. 



Lines. 

 21 

 26 

 28 

 31 



33 

 34 

 36 

 37 

 38 



39 



40 



41 

 42 



43 

 44 



45 

 46 



47 

 48 



49 



See our article Jet d'Eau, Vol. XVIII. . 

 Water, in Gardening, a well known ufefiil article in gar- 

 dening, as applicable to numerous forts of young plants and 

 trees, feed-beds, &c., efpecially in the droughty fpring and 

 fummer feafons, both fuch as grow in the full ground and 

 in pots in the open air, as well as thofe in green-houfes, 

 ftoves, hot-beds, &c. : and alfo in ornamental defigns, in 

 pleafure-grounds, parks, &c., either when formed into re- 

 gular pieces, circular, oval, or in oblong or ferpentine ca- 

 nals, &c.; likewife when varied in a fomewhat natural ex- 

 panfe, in curves and bendings. 



In forming defigns of this fort, the nature of the fupply 

 ihould be iirll confidered, whether it be by fprings in or 

 near the place, by currents or ftreams pafTing through, or 

 fo nearly adjacent as to admit of being condufted to the 

 place ; or by being condiifted by fome neighbouring river, 

 brook, or lake, &c. by means of pipes or fmall cuts, or 

 by being colletfted iffuing from higher grounds, and con- 

 duced by proper channels. And another circumftance, 

 equally neceffary, is to confider the means by which it 

 may be retained afterwards. In a loofe earthy, fandy , or gra- 

 velly bottom, it will foon fink away, efpecially in dry wea- 

 ther, unlffs there is a conftant current or flow of water run- 

 ning in ; but in a naturally ftrong clayey bottom, of pro- 

 per thicknefs, both at the fides and below, it may be retained 

 in fome tolerable degree. In moil cafes, fome art, however, 

 will be neceffary in this bufinefs. See Basons, &c. 



Where it is eafily attainable in any of the above modes, 

 it Ihould not be omitted, on a fmaller or larger fcale, efpe- 

 cially in grounds of any confiderable extent ; but where in- 

 tended principally as refervoirs for watering gardens, they 

 may be of much more moderate dimenfions than when de- 

 figned for ornament, and may be formed either in a circular 

 manner, an oblong canal, pond, or cut, &c.; the ftifFnefs 

 of thele forms being always broken by varying curves of 

 the margins or borders, conftantly forming them where the 

 fupply of water can be moft conveniently procured. 



Ornamental plats, or pieces of water in pleafure-grounds, 

 Vol. XXXVIII. 



are very defirable, as being great additions to the beauty, va- 

 riety, and embellifhment of them, when properly diftofed 

 and contrafted with fome nearly adjoining detached clumps 

 of plantation, and bounded with a proper expanfe of graf*. 

 ground, fpreading from the verge confiderably outwards. 

 In general, when any fpaces of water, on a larger or fmaller 

 fcale, are intended, they Ihould be difpofed, as confpicu- 

 oufly as poffible, in fome principal divifion ; either fometimes 

 at or near the termination of a fpacious open lawn, or occa- 

 fionally in fome other fimilar open fpace ; and fometimes 

 difpofed more or lefs internally, in fome central or other 

 grand opening ; in all of which an expanfe of water has a 

 fine effeft. The particular forms may be adapted to the na- 

 ture of the fituation, and the extent to that of the fupply 

 of water that can be had. 



In parks and pleafure-grounds, the moft proper fituations 

 for plats, or other forms of water, are fome rather low con- 

 venient places for containing and fupplying it, which are fo 

 difpofed as to difplay an agreeable rural view of the water 

 from the refidences and principal lawns and walks belong, 

 ing to them, either near at hand, or at fome confiderable 

 diftance from them ; and where there are occafionally other 

 accidental fights and views of it, from other parts of the 

 ground, unexpededly taking place in an abrupt or fudden 

 jnanner. In thefe fituations the forms and appearances of it 

 may likewife be greatly varied and diverfified, according to 

 their particular nature and other concurring circumftances, 

 fo as to take off any fort of formal regularity which they 

 may have naturally. They may alfo have oval, oblong, 

 winding, curving, or bending ferpentine direftions given to 

 them, as may be the moft natural and fuitable ; and they 

 may be of fmall or very confiderable extents, in propor- 

 tion to the nature of the fituations, and the fizes of the 

 grounds, as well as the fupplies of water which can be com- 

 manded. They are fometimes in large grounds, formed 

 in the manner of natural bending rivers or ftreamlets, which 

 fweep round rifing fwells of land, planted with trees in the 

 form of clumps, or other modes, fo as to produce a natural 

 and agreeable effeft. 



Mr. London, in his ingenious work " On forming, im- 

 proving, and managing Country Refidences," thinks that 

 water, in whatever point of view it may be taken, whether 

 as neceffary to the produce of a country, the delight of the 

 traveller, or the intereft of romantic rural fcenery, is one 

 of the moft lovely ornamental materials of nature. Its 

 effefts in all thefe ways are highly ufeful, interefting, and 

 beautiful ; without it all foils are barren and unproduftive, 

 roads are dull and uninterefting to the tafteful traveller, and 

 rural fcenes are often tame and difgufting. For as it occurs 

 in fpringy banks, purling rills, or winding brooks, it 

 equally engages and delights ; while in the more diftant 

 view, in larger expanfes, as thofe of great rivers, glaffy 

 lakes, or the extent of the ocean, it exalts and fills the mind 

 with aftonifhment. And in fecluded country fcenery it is 

 not lefs fuccefsful in affording variety and pleafure, either 

 by the beauty of its varied appearance, the roar of its fall 

 among rocks and cliffs, the foam and din of it in the fmall 

 cafcade, or the melancholy of it in the ftagnant pool, (haded 

 by over-hanging boughs. 



But though much has been ingenioufly and ufefully writ- 

 ten on this interefting material of ornamental rural improve- 

 nient, and the neceffity and means of a better tafte inculcated 

 in the management of it, little alteration has yet been effeft- 

 ed in the modes of praftice, as few examples of artificial 

 water rendered pidlurefque have been fet before the public. 

 The former old, naked, tame, ftiaving, formal methods, 

 ftill continue to prevail too much in the diftribution and 



S manner 



