WATER. 



to iny extent on opening a vein. The cutting of a vein in 

 the tail, fpould, or below the eye, will make other (heep 

 bleed plentifully ; but from thefe fcarcely a drop will iffue ; 

 and even on cutting the principal vein in the throat, only a 

 very fmall quantity, it is faid, proceeds to flow out. 



However, in the interior appearances it differs very 

 widely and materially. On opening the fheep, the whole 

 entrails are, it is obferved, fwimming in bloody water, none 

 of which is within the bowels, but only within the rim of 

 the belly. The gall-bladder is very fmall, appearing as 

 having been moftly fpilled previoufly to the death of the 

 animal, and the urinal bladder is contrafted and (hrunk up 

 to a fize fcarcely noticeable. The fmall fibres connefting 

 it with the other parts are inflamed, and on bringing it near 

 the nofe fmells fomewhat like the other braxy. The bladder 

 leems entirely without urine, but on blowing it up it is 

 always quite found, and never burfl;s ; the guts and flefti 

 are a little difcoloured, and have a fmell pecuhar to that 

 diforder. The fmaller department of the ftomach or reid 

 has fome purple fpots on it ; and, on being felt with the 

 finger, thefe are thicker in the texture than the other parts 

 of it. They feem, too, to have bled a portion inwardly ; 

 this fome fuppofe iflues from the liver. 



In an efTay inferted in the appendix to the Rev. Mr. 

 Findlater's Account of the Agriculture of the County of 

 Peebles in Scotland, it is faid to be a difeafe that is analo- 

 gous to the fuppreflion of urine, which is caufed by the 

 want of fufficient aftivity and exertion. And that it con- 

 fifts in the bladder being over-diftended with urine, which 

 raifes violent inflammation in that organ, and produces an 

 incapacity to difcharge the urine that is accumulated. The 

 confequence of which is, that the urine regurgitates over 

 the body ; the whole carcafe is tainted by fetid gafes ; the 

 bladder becomes gangrenous, burfts, and the animal dies. 

 That young and vigorous (heep are moft liable to this fort 

 of braxy. And that the immediate caufe of the difeafe is 

 feeding too freely on rich fucculent diuretic food, and reft. 

 ing too long in the morning on the layers, taking place fre- 

 quently when the fliepherds are more negligent than ufual in 

 removing them. 



It is luppofed that the difeafe may be prevented by avoid- 

 ing too free an ufe of fucculent diuretic food, and by 

 moving the animals from the layers on which they are early 

 in the morning, making them walk about for fome time in 

 the view of encouraging them to pafs their urine and 

 purl. 



In attempting the cure, in cafe the bladder be greatly 

 diftended and affefted, which may be known by there 

 being a great fulnefs in the lower part of the belly, the 

 urine may be endeavoured to be drawn off by the introduc- 

 tion of fuitable implements of the catheter kind, or by cau- 

 tioufly letting it off by incifion or punfture, where that 

 cannot be done. In either of thefe ways, when effefted, 

 great relief will be afforded. 



And in the view of allaying or preventing inflammation, 

 the ufe of proper purging and evacuating injeftions ftiould 

 be had recourfe to, fuch as Glauber, or other falls of the 

 fame kind ; or even warm milk aud water be thrown up. 



The firft writer, however, thinks that no remedy for the 

 difeafe has yet been pointed out that can be fully de- 

 pended upon. See Braxy, and Striking ///, Blood, 

 or S'tcknefs. 



Water Farcy, a difeafe in horfes of the oedematous or 

 partial dropfical kind, which is often very troublefome in its 

 removal. It has no relation or refemblance, however, to 

 that of the real farcy, being wholly different in its nature, 

 caufes, and effcfls, thou^ fometimes ignorantly fuppofed 



to be of the fame kind. It occurs in horfes of all kinds 

 and defcriptions, and at moft periods of their exiftence. Iti» 

 a foft watery fwelling below the fkin, and is caufed by what- 

 ever has a tendency to weaken and deftroy the natural vi- 

 gour and ftrength of the body, whether in a local or general 

 manner, but more efpecially in the former, fuch as low 

 bad keep, want ai fufHcient cleaning and dreffmg, taking 

 the animals into cold water in a warm ftate, too great ex- 

 pofure to cold rains, and many others. It often, too, 

 happens after fevere colds of the epidemical kind. The 

 fwellings take place in different parts, but particularly in 

 the legs, having a pitted or dimpled appearance when prefled 

 by the finger. In fome cafes, the difeafe has a more 

 general dropfical afpeft, the water not being confined to 

 any one part, but ftiews itfelf in feveral, over the whole 

 body, by fuch fwellings. Thefe cafes, for the moft part, 

 proceed from foul feeding, or the effefts of eating too 

 greadily of rich luxuriant after-grafs. In the former cafe, 

 the limbs and the whole body are fometimes feen enormoufly 

 fwelled, and become very hard, the belly and Iheath parts 

 being very greatly diftended. 



In the cure of the difeafe, in all the cafes, the great objefts 

 are the removal and difcharge of the water, and the preven- 

 tion of its future formation by every pofGble means. The 

 former are to be attempted by the giving of ftrong diuretic 

 purgative remedies, and the latter by the ufe of medicines 

 of the ftrengthening kind, fo as to brace up and reftore the 

 tone of the relaxed folids of the whole body. 



In the firft of the above intentions, the combining of 

 calomel and fquills with jalap and aloes, in the proportions 

 of about one drachm each of the two firft, to two drachms 

 each of the two laft, for a large horfe, may be very ufeful, 

 when made into a ball, and given every night, or every 

 other night for four or five times, and repeated as there 

 may be occafion ; throwing in, in the intervals, bark and 

 other tonics, in full quantities, to reftore and keep up the 

 ftrength of the animals. 



Rather ftrong infufions of the fox-glove with aromatics 

 may hkewife be tried, and oak-bark in powder, with the 

 fame, be given in large dofes at the fame time they are 

 made ufe of. 



The horfes fliould frequently, too, have good mafties in 

 which nitre has been put. 



Gibfon, however, advifes the horfes to be purged once or 

 twice in ten days, and to have intermediately a pint night 

 and morning of the ftrong decoAion or infufion of black 

 hellebore, prepared by boihng or infufing it in water, and 

 then adding to four parts of it two of white wine, that has 

 ftood upon the fame for fome length of time in a warm ftate ; 

 or a ball compofed of nitre, fquills, and camphor, in the 

 quantities of two drachms of the firft, three drachms of the 

 fecond, and one drachm of the third, made up with honey, 

 and given once a day, either alone, or wafhed down with a 

 hornful or two of the above infufion. 



The horfes (hould be kept warm, and have plenty of dry 

 food while they are under thefe courfes of medicine. See 

 Farcin. 



Water Sicknefs, a difeafeamong fheep of the dropfical kind. 

 It is a diforder, or fort of affeftion, arifing in the weak ftates 

 of their conftitutions, which is incident to all the varieties 

 of foil and climate, it is faid, in its different forms and de- 

 grees of violence, from Shetland in the nortt- of Scotland, 

 to the moft fouthern parts of this country, wherever fheep- 

 hufbandry is carried on. It is obferved to occur, in general, 

 among aged fheep, that arc fubje<fted to its attacks in confe- 

 quence of weaknefs, either of the more general or more 

 local kind. It moft commonly feizes the animals towards 



the 



