W A T 



W A T 



•the end of the harveft-feafon and winter, and on farms which 

 are moftly delUtute of (helter. It is, in faift, faid to be the 

 genuine offspring of cold and moifhire, and perhaps of every 

 thinfT that debilitates the vigour of the animals. 



The appearances that diftinguilh it to be prefent are 

 fwellings in the legs towards night, which difappear in 

 the morning, when the lower jaw often becomes a good 

 deal fwelled. The eyes are dull, the urine, when noticed, 

 is high coloured, the tongue is dry, and as the difeafe ad- 

 Tances, the belly often becomes tenfe, and water is felt un- 

 dulating in it, efpecially on being ftruck on one fide with 

 one hand, while the other is kept fteady on the other fide. 

 The (heep lofe their heart and vivacity, their appetites 

 fail them, they become thin and lean, and at laft fall away 

 and die. 



In regard to the prevention of the difeafe, a dry weU- 

 ilieltered fheep-vvalk is faid to be good in that intention ; 

 and the neighbourhoods of fea-(hores are ufeful in the fame 

 view, as have been found by experience. But if the dif- 

 temper fliould (hew itfelf in a fevere manner, in very wet 

 feafons, in winter or fpring, night-lhelter is found of parti- 

 cular benefit in (lopping the increafing ftate of the malady. 

 The animals, too, (hould have good, green, fweet, dry 

 hay chopped and given them, at the fame time with a little 

 oats or bran in fome cafes. 



In the cure of thofe which are difeafed, a (hed or room 

 in a houfe, and a full allowance of the fame forts of dry 

 food, arc particularly neceffary and ufeful. Some have tried 

 tapping in the advanced ftage of the diforder, but with 

 only a temporary relief. Two drachms of cream of tartar 

 given twice a day, in a little warm thin oatmeal-gruel, have 

 been known to have a remarkably good elfcft. In the 

 more early (lages of the complaint, fmall quantities of 

 calomel with fquills would probably remove the difeale, 

 efpecially if accompanied with a few hornfuls of a ftrong 

 decoftion of oak-bark two or three times a week. By 

 thefe means, difeafed (heep, when taken early, would per- 

 haps be readily reftored. 



In the above-named part of Scotland, the difeafe is faid 

 to be called by the title of (hell-ficknefs, as well as that 

 which is here given it. 



W ATER-Calamint, in Botany, the name ufed by fome for 

 a fpecies of mint. See Mentha. 



W ATER-Cro'wfooi, in Agriculture, the name of a plant of 

 the weed kind, on which cows are faid bv fome to be 

 very fond of feeding. An- in the fifth volume of the 

 Tranfadions of the Linnaean Society, Dr. Pulteney has 

 obferved that it is not only relilhed by fwine, but that they 

 thrive remarkably upon it, requiring little or other food 

 until put up to fatten. The produce of it cannct, however, 

 be great, fo that the ufe of it muft be limited. 



Water Crefs, in Garilnihig, the common name of a fmall 

 creeping plant of the herb kind growing in watery fituations, 

 fuch as the fides of rivulets, rills, brooks, or other fmall 

 trickling dreams ; and which is much employed as a fallad 

 herb, and for eating with bread and butter, or in other 

 modes in its natural ftate, as being highly cooling and 

 agreeably bitter. See Cress. 



W ATEK-Dropworf. See Drop- /Fort. 

 Vf ATER-Germander. See Germander. 

 VJ ATER-Hair-grafs. See Aira Aquatica. 

 Vf ATER-Hemp-Agrimony. See Water- Hemp-.\cRmO'S\ . 

 VJ ATER-Leaf. See Leaf. 

 W ATER-Liiy. See Nymth.-ea. 



Water Melon, the vulgar name of a plant of the melon 

 kind, growing in aquatic fituations, and the fruit of which 

 is of a watery infipid nature. See CucuRBlTA Citrullus. 

 Vol. XXXVIII. 



"W ATJtR-Parfntp. See Pahsnep. 

 Water-Poo. See Poa Aquatica. 

 WATER-So/dier, a (pecks o( Jlratiotes ; which fee. 

 W ATER-Tath, in Sheep Hujhandry, a term applied to that 

 fort of rank grafs that arifes from an excefs of wetnefs in 

 fheep-walks and paftures, and which has a tendency to pro- 

 duce the rot in thefe animals. It may be caufed by too 

 much wetnefs in the lands, either naturally, or by the ufe 

 of water on them. It is this probably that makes water- 

 meadows fo dangerous for (heep at certain periods. See 

 Tath and W xTER-Meadow. 



Vif AVer- Hen, in Ornithology. See FuLiCA Chloropus, 

 Flavipes, and Rallus Carolinus. 



W ATER-Ouzel. See Sturnus Cinalus. 

 WATER-Rail. See Rallus Aquaticus, and Benga- 

 lenjis. 



W ATEn-Wagtail. See Wagtail. 



WATER-Dog, in Zoology, a vaxiety of the Canis Fami- 

 liaris. See Dog. 



W ATER-Elephant. See Hippopotamus. 

 W ATER-Nog. See Capybara. 

 WATER-Rat. See Mus. 



W ATER-Aidle, in Agriculture, a teijm applied to the flag- 

 nant water contained in mofs land, in fome places, as in 

 fome parts of the county of Lancafter. It is faid to be 

 highly prejudicial to animals, when they drink water that is 

 mixed or impregnated with it. It is belt removed from fuch 

 land by proper draining, and frequent fuitable tillage culti- 

 vation. 



The bringing fuch waftes into a (late of improvement 

 confequently difcharges it in an efFeftual manner. See 

 Moss and Waste Land. 



VJATER-Bai/iff'. See Bailiff. 



W ATER-Barroiu, Swing, in Rural Economy, an improved 

 contrivance of this fort. See Quendon Water-Barrow. 

 WATER-Bearer, in AJhonomy. See Aquarius. 

 W ATER-Bellows, in Mechanics, a machine ufed to blow 

 air into a furnace, by theaftion of a column of water falling 

 through a vertical tube. The orifice where the water enters 

 the tube is fo contrived, that the water (hall be mixed with 

 air when it enters the pipe ; and this air viill be carried along 

 Avith the ftream through the tube, and is collefted into a 

 proper receiver, from which it is conveyed to the furnace m 

 a continued blad. Thefe machines are much ufed on the 

 continent, but have never been introduced in England, be- 

 caufe they will not produce by any means fo great a current 

 of air as may be raifed by the fame fall of water, when em- 

 ployed to work bellows, or other machines, by means of a 

 water-wheel. 



M. Reaumur h;;3 given a minute defcription of the water- 

 bellows employed for the iron furnaces, in the provinces of 

 Dauphine and Pays de Foix, in France, where fuch ma- 

 chines are called trompcs. The water is conduftcd to the 

 furnace by a trough or pafTage, having an inclination of one 

 inch in a toife ; the body of the trompe is a vertical tube, 

 about 27 French feet in height, and 16 inches diameter on 

 the outfido : it is made of two pieces of fir hollowed out, 

 and bound together by hoops of iron. 



The form of the interior of the tube contributes materially 

 to its e{Fecl. The mouth or upper orifice, where the con- 

 duit-trough pours the water into it, is 13 inches diameter ; 

 from this it diminifiies, in the manner of a conical funnel, 

 till at a depth of three feet from the mouth, it is only four 

 inches diameter, which part is called the throat. Here the 

 opening of the tube enlarges all at once to a fize of nine 

 inches, which it continues for all the reft of the height. 

 Immediately beneath the throat, (that is, the upper part of 

 T the 



