W A T 



WAT 



moved is balanced in equilibrio, for the bellows A A may 

 be confidered as two nearly equal heavy weights in a pair 

 of fcales, which in a great part balance each other. The 

 difference is occafioned by that bellows which finks down 

 into the water, being fo much lighter, as it lofes its weight 

 by the quantity of water it difplaces, from the bulk of air 

 contained beneath the furface of the water. This difference 

 is compenfated by the weight of the water which falls 

 down along the Hoping gutter, which acquiring the power 

 of a falling body, increafes in the fame proportion as the 

 bellows to be raifed by it increafes in weight ; for the 

 bellows which links down into the water does not at once 

 lofe its weight in the water, but gradually as it defcends 

 deeper; and in the fame manner, the afcending bellows does 

 not at once become heavier than the other, but the weight 

 gradually increafes from the time it is firft raifed till it is 

 quite raifed. 



Mr. Hornblower fome years ago propofed an hydraulic 

 bellows of the fame kind as M. Triewald's, except that, to 

 avoid the flexible tubes of leather R R, he employed a lead 

 pipe to go down to the bottom of the ciftern of water in 

 which the bellows defcended, and turn up again ^eneath the 

 bellows, fo that the orifice of the pipe was above the furface 

 of the water ; it therefore communicated ?t all times from the 

 interior of the bellows to the furnace. Mr. H., in Nichol- 

 fon's Journal, mentions a very ftriking difference between 

 thefe water-bellows, in which the moving cheilwas eighteen 

 inches fquare and moved perpendicularly nine inches, and 

 a common pair of fmith's leather-bellows of thirty inches 

 long. 



The leather-bellows threw confiderably more air to 

 the fire, and its nozzle, compared with the water-bellows, 

 was as 73 to 60 in diameter, but it did not produce fo 

 great an effeft in bringing on the heat ; and the noife of the 

 water-bellows was fo great as to almoff drown that of the 

 common one. The only difference in other refpefts is, that 

 in the hydraulic bellows, the pipe went under ground for 

 about eight feet, and the connefting pipe of the other 

 came down about the fame diftance from the fhop above. 



VJ^ATER-Bomi, a name given by our chemift Godfrey to 

 a machine he invented on the plan of Greyl's difcovery, for 

 the extinguifhing of accidental fires in houfes. He con- 

 fidered firft, that the unchangeable fize of Greyl's engine 

 was a very great objeftion, and on this plan contrived a 

 medicated liquor, which was fuch an enemy to fire, that a 

 very fmall quantity would extinguifh as much as a much 

 larger of common water ; and this liquor had the farther 

 advantage, that it might be kept ever fo long without cor- 

 rupting, and by that means the veffels containing it would 

 remain always fit for ufe ; whereas in Greyl's method they 

 mull have been rotted by the corrupting and fermenting of 

 the water, after a few years. The author of this invention 

 tried it twice in public with us, and both times with all the 

 fuccefs that could be wifhed ; but the ftrutlure of the veffel 

 was fo much the fame with that of Greyl's, that Godfrey 

 cannot be allowed any farther merit as an inventor, than 

 that of contriving the medicated liquor inftead of common 

 water. The machine is a wooden vcfFel, made very firm 

 and ftrong, that the liquor, when once put in, cannot leak 

 out any where ; in the centre of this is an oblong cylindric 

 veffel, which is filled with gunpowder ; a tube is brought 

 from this to the head of the barrel ; and this being filled 

 with combuftible matter, and the inner cafe with powder, 

 and both made of plate-iron, that no water may get in, the 

 veffel is then filled with the medicated, ,or antiplilogiftic 

 liquor. The top of the tube is the.') covered, and thf thing 

 fet by for ufe. 



When there is occafion for it, it is only neceffary to utl' 

 cover the tube, and fetting fire to the matter in it, it is con- 

 veyed to the veffel containing the powder, and the whole 

 machine being thrown into the place where the fire is, is 

 torn to pieces by the explofion, and the extinguifhing liquor 

 fcattered every way about, on which the fire is quenched in 

 an inftant. 



The contriver of thefe things propofed the making of 

 three kinds of them, the one containing five gallons of the 

 liquor : this was the largeft fize, and contrived for the 

 largeft rooms, and moft urgent ncceflities. The fecond kind 

 contained three gallons ; and the fmalleft, which was meant 

 for a clofet, or other little room, contamed only two gallons. 

 Thofe of the fmaller kind alfo had fometimes a peculiar 

 difference in their ftrufture, the powder-veffel being placed 

 not in the centre, but at the bottom : the intent of this was 

 to fit them for chimneys, when on fire, as by this means the 

 liquor, not being wanted to be fcattered on all fides, was 

 carried mollly upwards. Thefe were fixed on the end of a 

 long pole, and by this means thrufl to a proper height up 

 the chimney ; and the tube that communicated the fire was 

 placed do ivn wards. 



The manner of ufing the machines for rooms on fire, is 

 this : the perfon who has the care of them is to throw them 

 as nearly as may be into the middle of the room, and then 

 to retire to a little diflance : as foon as he hears the explo- 

 fion, he may fafely enter the room, and with a cloth, or any 

 thing of that kind, put out any remaming fparks of fire 

 that there may be in particular places. If the room be fo 

 large, that one of the machines caimot difperfe the liquor to 

 every part of it, two are to be ufed, one being laid at each 

 end : and if feveral rooms are on fire at once, as many of 

 the machines are to be ufed, one being thrown into each 

 room. If a whole houfe is on fire, the lower rooms are 

 firft to be taken care of, and after thefe the upper, as they 

 afcend. 



Our Godfrey had fcarce better fuccefs than his predeceffor 

 Greyl ; for while he was making his public experiments, 

 one Povey, collefting fome of the fragments of his broken 

 veffels, found out the ingredient ufed in the medicated 

 liquor, and made and fold the things in the fame place 

 where he had proved his right to them. It is probable that 

 the medicated liquor was no other than common water, 

 with a large quantity of fal ammoniac, that fait having this 

 virtue of extinguifhing fire in a very remarkable degree. 

 But it is to be greatly wondered at, that while all the world ■ 

 were convinced by experiments of the ufe of the machine^ 

 the author made but little advantage of it, and it is now dif- 

 ufed. Acl. Erudit. Ann. 1724, p. 183. 



The fociety of arts and manufaftures, &c. made trials 

 of balls prepared in Mr. Godfrey's- method, by his grand"- 

 fon, in a proper edifice erefted for this purpofe ; and they 

 found, that, after the fire had prevailed for a confiderable 

 time, and the flame forced its way through the chimney and 

 windows, it difappeared, and was entirely extinguifhed 

 by the explofion of two of thefe balls. See Fike, Ext'tn- 

 guijiing of. 



WATER-Borne, in the Sea-Language, denotes the flate of a 

 fhip, with regard to the water furrounding her bottom, 

 when there is barely a fufBcient depth of it to float her off 

 from the ground ; particularly when (he had for fome time 

 refted thereon. 



WATER-Camilets. See Camblet. 



Watek, Cataracl of. See Cataract. 



VJ ATZR-Ctsck. See Clepsydra. 



Watek- Co/oar/j in Painting, are fuch colours as are only 



diluted 



