W A T 



fcltor, fuppoitcd by the fett at Amftcrdam, for the inftruc- 

 tioii of their youth in the various branches of philofophy, 

 and facred erudition. One of thefe Waterlandian fefts was 

 divided, in 1664, into two faftions, of which the one were 

 called Galenists, and the other Apostoolians, from 

 their refpeftive leaders. Moflieim's Eccl. Hift. vol. iv. 

 vol. V. 



WATERLOO, Anthony, in Biography, a Flemilh 

 landfcape painter of great abilities, is generally fuppofed to 

 have been born at Utrecht, about the year 161 8 ; it is cer- 

 tain that he refided there the greater part of his life, and 

 the fcentry of his piftures is found in the environs of that 

 city. 



His landfcapes are charafterized by the greateft fimplicity 

 of compofition ; the entrance into a forell, a broken road with 

 a bank and a few trunks of trees, a folitary cottage, a mill, 

 &c. are made interefting by the exquifite touch, and beauti- 

 ful colour and chiaro ofcuro, with which he treated them. 

 His flcies are cbar, and his clouds float in air ; his colouring, 

 however, is fometimes too ftrongly contrafted with yellow 

 foregrounds and blue diftances, and offend the eye for want 

 of being more broken. He marked the charafters of his trees 

 admirablv, in form and colour. His piftures are by no means 

 common, as tliey are not numerous. He occupied himfelf 

 very much in etching his own defigns and views, and his pro- 

 duftions in that art are as valuable as his pidures, in point 

 of truth and (l<ill ; and will always continue to be a fource 

 of pleafure and improvement to the artift and the connoifleur. 

 His plates, according to Bartfch, amount in number to 150, 

 not entirely completed with the point, but finilhed with 

 the graver, to foften and to invigorate them. It is to 

 be lamented that he funk an early prey to habits of intem- 

 perance. 



Waterloo, in Geography, a village of the Netherlands, 

 between 12 and 13 miles from Bruflels, fituated behind the 

 fkirts of the fine beech foreft of Soignies, rendered famous 

 by one of the mod fevere and fanguinary battles which 

 modern hiftory of war records, fought in its vicinity on 

 Sunday the 18th of June, 18 15, between the duke of Wel- 

 lington, who commanded the Britifh, Hanoverian, German, 

 and Belgic army, and Napoleon Buonaparte, who con- 

 dufted the operations of the French forces. The ground on 

 which the battle was fought is faid not to exceed two miles 

 from north to fouth, including the whole from the rear of 

 the Britifli to the rear of the French pofition ; and from 

 eaft to weft, from the extremity of the left to that of the 

 right wing of the contending armies, is about a mile and a 

 half in extent ; fo that the fanguinary refult of the battle 

 has been attributed in fome degree to the limited fpace 

 in which they were engaged, and the confequent intermix- 

 ture of the two armies. The pofition of the French troops 

 is reprefented as the bell, becaufe the eminence occupied by 

 them was higlier, and the afcent lleeper than ours, and 

 better adapted to attack and defence. The village of 

 Waterloo, which is not feen from the field of battle, was 

 occupied on the Saturday night previous to the battle by 

 the duke of Wellington, the principal officers of his ftaff, 

 the prince of Orange, lord Uxbridge, fir Thomas Pifton, 

 fir William de Lancey, and other general officers. The 

 French army in the Netherlands, is faid to have amounted 

 to 130,000 ; and after the loffes of the 15th and i6th, and 

 the detachment of two corps under marfhal Grouchy, there 

 mud have remained at lead 90,000 men, with which Napo- 

 leon took the fiild on the 1 8th of June ; while, after allow- 

 ing for the lofies of the allies on the i6th, which were very 

 ferious, it muft appear that there was a great difparity in 

 regard to numbers ; as it may be deduced from a Itatement, 



WAT 



founded upon the latefc return to the Horfe Guards, pre- 

 V10U3 to the battles of the 16th and i8th, that the extreme • 

 force Bntifh and German was 46,221 men, under the duke 

 of Wellington, to which we may add 22,000 for Brunf- 

 wickers and Dutch, fo that the whole could not exceed 

 68,221 men ; or, as it is elfewhere ftated, there could not 

 be in adion a greater number than 64,000 men to fupport 

 the attack of the whole French army. From tlie adjutant- 

 general's office, 6th November 18 16, it appears that the 

 effeftive ftrength of the Britilh army, prefent at the battle 

 of Waterloo on the i8th of June 1815, was 74,040, in- 

 cluding the army of obfervation. It is moreover obferved, 

 that the hoftile army confided of the bed troops of France ; 

 that it was a regular and difciplined army, even before the 

 Bourbons quitted France, and that from the return of Buo- 

 naparte every thing had been done to render it effeftive ; it 

 was indeed the force which had been felefted and com- 

 bined to aft upon the northern frontier. Whereas the 

 allied army, the Britifh part excepted, was almoft wholly a 

 green army ; the allies, particularly the Dutch, Belgians, 

 Hanoverians, and troops of Nadau, being chiefly young 

 foldiers. 



Previoufly to the grand and decifive battle of Waterloo, 

 the campaign had commenced on the 15th of June by an 

 attack upon the outpofts of the Pruffian army, commanded 

 by field-marfhal prince Blucher. The points of concen- 

 tration of the feveral corps of his army were, Fleurus, 

 Namur, Ancy, and Hannut. Buonaparte advanced the 

 fecond corps of his army by Thuin, along the banks of the 

 Sambre, upon the town of Charleroi, and drove the ad- 

 vanced pods of general Ziethen's corps back upon the bridge 

 of Marchienne. After a very fmart aftion, the Pruffian 

 general was obliged to retire behind the river, and coUeft 

 his corps near Fleurus : and as he confidered Charleroi 

 untenable, the troops itationed in that town were with- 

 drawn, and the French cavalry entered it about mid-day. 

 The Pruffians defended their advanced pods with bravery ; 

 and it was only the overwhelming force that was brought 

 againd Ziethen's corps, which induced that general to 

 withdraw his advance, in order that he might concentrate 

 his whole force near Fleurus. 



On the evening of this day an officer arrived at Bruflels 

 from marfhal Blucher, to announce that hoftilities Iiad com- 

 menced. The duke of Wellington received his difpatches, 

 whild he was fitting after dinner with a party of officers. 

 The troops were ordered to hold themfelves in readinefs, to 

 march at a minute's notice. Before midnight a fecond 

 officer arrived from Blucher, and the difpatches were deli- 

 vered to the duke of Wellington in the ball-room of the 

 duchefs of Richmond ; and he gave his orders to one of his 

 daff-officers, who indantly left the room. In the midil of the 

 repofe that feemed to reign over Brudels, the drums fuddenly 

 beat to arms, and the loud call of the trumpet was heard 

 from every part of the city. The whole town became 

 indantly an univerfal fhovv of budle. The foldiers affem- 

 bled with their knapfacks, and every kind of warlike pre- 

 paration threw the town into a date of agitation. But 

 before eight in the mojning, the dreets, which had been 

 filled with bufy crowds, were empty and filent ; the great 

 fquare of tlie Place Royale, which had been filled with 

 armed men, and with all the appurtenances of war, was now 

 quite deferted. The duke of Wellington had let off in 

 great fpirits, obferving, that as Blucher had moil probably 

 fettled the bufinefs, he fhould perhaps return to dinner. 



When the direftion by which Buonaparte intended to 

 penetrate into Belgium had been afcertained, the duke of 

 Wellington immediately gave orders for the army under his 



command 



