WEAVING. 



ceding (hoot of the weft : this renders the cloth of uniform 

 texture. 



Fourthly, To wind up the cloth upon the cloth-roll, as 

 fall as it is formed by the preceding operations. 



The yarns, which are to form the warp of the cloth, are 

 warped in the manner before defcribed upon the yarn-roll 

 F ; and from thence they are extended horizontally to the 

 cloth-roll E, of which only a fmall part can be feen at the 

 oppofite fide of the loom : in their way the yarns pafs 

 through the eyes of the heddles G H, which effeft the firft 

 operation above-mentioned. Each heddle is compofcd of a 

 number of perpendicular threads equal to lialf the number 

 of yarns in the warp ; thefe are Itretched between two 

 fmaU rods a a and b b, and in the middle of each thread is 

 a fmall eye, through which a yarn of the warp is pafTed ; 

 thus, the firft yarn of the warp is pafied through the eye 

 of the heddle G, but has no conneftion with the heddle H, 

 becaufe it paifes between its threads. The fecond yarn is 

 put through the eye of the heddle H, but has no con- 

 nexion with G ; the third yarn is attached to H ; the 

 fourth to G, and fo on alternately throughout the whole 

 number. By this means if one heddle is raifed up, and 

 the other at the fame time depreffed, a feparation of the 

 yarns will take place as fhewn at G, every other yarn 

 being raifed up, whilft the intermediate ones are drawn 

 down, fo as to admit the paffage of the fhuttle and weft 

 between them. 



The two heddles are moved by camms upon the main 

 axis A ; and they are fo connetted by fhort levers I I, 

 which are fufpended from the upper part of the loom, that 

 when one heddle is pulled down, the other will be drawn 

 up at the fame time, becaufe they are fufpended from the 

 oppofite ends of the levers I. 



The camms on the main axis for the heddles are marked 

 L ; the two are exaftly fimilar, but are rcverfed upon the 

 axis ; that is, the (horteil radius of one is placed on the fame 

 fide with the longeil of the other. They aft upon two 

 levers, which are the fame as the treadles in a common loom ; 

 only one of thefe treadles or levers ( w'z. that which belongs 

 to the camm L ) can be feen at M, the other lever being 

 concealed from the view ; both levers move on centres at n 

 between the fmall uprights^ J; the other ends flide freely 

 up and down between fimilar uprights at the oppofite fide 

 of the frame, which cannot be feen in the figure ; the levers 

 are connefted with the heddles, which being fufpended 

 from the levers I as before mentioned, the levers will 

 therefore move in contrary direftions, the one rifing when 

 the other is preffed down by the aftion of the camm on the 

 axis A. 



The conneftion between the levers or treadles M and 

 the heddles G H, is made by cords communicating with 

 two counter-levers O P, which are centered in uprights 

 fupported by the frame at the ends of the machine. The 

 counter-levers O P. are conncdfed with rods h and t, and 

 thefe by a double cord are attached to the heddle-rods a a 

 and b b. 



This machinery which we have now defcribed efFefts the 

 feparation of the warp thus : when the axis A turns round, 

 every revolution of its camms L will caufe two feparations of 

 the warp, and each one in a different manner, for thofe yarns 

 which are railed up at one time are drawn down the next. 



The fecond operation, I'iz. throwing the fliuttle, is per- 

 formed by two camms R S, which are reverfed to each 

 other upon the axis A. They aft upon two levers, only 

 one of which can be feen at T ; they are placed beneath tlie 

 camms. The fhuttle requires to be projefted with a 

 fudden jerk ; thefe levers are therefore centered at d on the 



fame pin as the levers M and N, but the other ends prefs 

 down fmaller levers W, which are centered at the oppofite 

 end of the frame, and he beneath the long levers. The ex- 

 treme ends of thefe fmaller levers are connefted by a ftrapy 

 with a fegment of a wheel, which has a long ftem of whalebone 

 Y fattened to it ; and by means of two firings, one of which 

 is fhewn at q^, it moves the peckers or drivers z upon the 

 wires 3, 3, and throws the fhuttle. The fhuttle, which is 

 fhewn in a feparate figure, is pointed at each end, and fhod 

 with iron : it contains two fmall rollers 3 I 3 I upon which it 

 runs ; and as they projeft through both furfaces, it will run 

 either way upwards, or either end firft. In the centre of the 

 fliuttle is an oblong mortife, containing the pirn or bobbin 

 33, on which the thread for the weft of the cloth is wound; 

 and the end of the weft marked 34, is brought through a 

 fm.all glafs tube, called the eye of the fhuttle. 



The aftion of the mechanifm for throwing the fliuttle is 

 as follows : — By the revolution of the camm R, the long 

 lever beneath it is diprcfTed, and at the fame time the ex- 

 tremity of the fliorter lever W defcends, but with an in- 

 creafed velocity ; this by means of the ftrap f turns the 

 fegment of a wheel on its centre, and its tad Y Inatches the 

 firing y 4of the pecker 2, and makes itftrike againft the fhuttle 

 with fuch a velocity, as to drive the fhuttle out of the 

 trough O, acrofs the ihuttle-race, into the oppofite trough, 

 where it will pufli back the pecker, and remain at reft in the 

 trough ready for the next ftroke : by this ftroke it will be 

 returned back again with an aftion fimilar to the laft, but 

 occafioned by the other camm S, and its correfponding 

 levers. 



The threads of the warp, which are loweft when the 

 feparation takes place, are drawn down by their heddle 

 G or H, fo as to lie clofe upon the fhuttle-race, and caufe 

 no obftruftion to the paffage of the fhuttle. To facilitate 

 this, the fhuttle muft be very fmooth on the furface, that it 

 may not catch the threads and be flopped. The fhuttle- 

 race is inclined towards the reed, both that the yarn may 

 lie flat upon it, and that the fhuttle may not be liable to 

 run off its race ; for as it leaves the weft, which is drawn off 

 from its bobbin, in the fpace between the divided yarns of 

 the warp, it might be drawn off its race tideways, without 

 this precaution. In this manner the fecond operation is 

 performed. 



The third motion is that of the reed^: this is fixed clofe 

 behind the fhuttle-race, and is a frame containing a great 

 number of parallel flips of reed or cane ; between thefe the 

 yarns of the warp pafs, and when the whole frame of reeds 

 is moved towards the cloth-roll E, they will aft in the man- 

 ner of 3 ccmb, to beat up the thread of the weft, which is 

 left by the fhuttle lying loofely between the yarns of the 

 warp. 



For this purpofe, the fhuttle-race, reeds, peckers, &c. and 

 their ftem Y, with its fegment of a wheel, are all placed on 

 a framer which moves on hinges at the lower ends, 8, of the 

 two upright fides 7 8. This frame, which is termed the lay, 

 is drawn backwards by means of ftraps 10, 10, rolled upon 

 pulleys II, faftened upon the axis 12 ; upon this fame axis 

 are two other fmaller p\illeys, upon which two ftraps, 13, 

 are rolled, to conneft with the long levers 14, which are 

 moved by the camms 15, upon the axis A. 



The long levers, 14, are centered at one end of the frame, 

 and the pulleys on the axis, 12, being of different diameters, 

 the motion of the reeds will be performed very quickly. 

 To move the lay in a contrary direftion, and give the ftroke 

 to beat up the weft, two large weights, hkem, are fufpended 

 by flraps from pulleys on an horizontal axis, which carries 

 two larger wheels .v ; on thefe, ftraps are wound, to commu- 

 nicate 



