WEAVING. 



nicate with the upright fides, 7 8, of the lay, and draw it 

 forwards. 



When the loom is afting very quickly, thefe weights 

 would not aft with fufficient fharpnefs to throw the reeds 

 againft the threads of the weft with the proper force. 



The weights are therefore connefted by fpiral wire- 

 fprings, with long levers 16, which are prefled down by a 

 camm or rather tappet 17, fixed on the main axis. Thefe 

 levers aft before the lav is at liberty to move, and by prefi"- 

 ing down the levers extend the fprings ; confequently, as 

 foon as the camm 15 fuffers the lever 14 to rife, the fprmgs 

 aft inftantaneoufly, to throw the lay and the reeds forwards 

 to beat up the weft. 



The inllant after the blow has been given, the lay is drawn 

 back again by the camm 15, and returned into the vertical 

 pofuion, in which fituation the lay muft continue whilft the 

 fiiuttle is thrown ; for this purpofe, the outfides of the 

 camms 15 are portions of circles. This completes the 

 third motion. 



As fall as the clotli is fabricated by the foi-egoing move- 

 ments, it is gathered upon the cloth-roll E. This is turned 

 flowly round by a fmall crank 19, on the extreme end of 

 the main axis A ; the crank moves a fmall rod 20 up and 

 down, in order to turn a fmall ratchet-wheel round one 

 tooth each revolution of the main axis ; the return of the 

 ratchet is prevented by a chck. On the axis 21 of the 

 ratchet-wheel is an cndlefs fcrew, to engage the teeth of a 

 cog-wheel upon the end of the cloth-roll, and give it a flow 

 motion. 



The yarn is kept to a proper degree of tenfion by the 

 friftion occafioncd by aline 28 pafied twice round the yarn- 

 roll, one end being fattened to the frame, and the other to a 

 lever 30, loaded with a weight. 



The framing of tliL- loom is too evident to need defcrip- 

 tion. In the conftruftiou of the machine, the principal 

 circumllance to be attended to, is the figure of the different 

 camms ; alfo that they are placed upon the axis A in the 

 proper pofitions relative to each other. Thefe cautions will 

 enfure the accurate performance of the machine. 



The camm R or S, for throwing the flinttle, is formed 

 with a fudden beak or projeftion, that it may ilrike the 

 levers T down iuftantaneoufly, and throw the fhuttle ; from 

 this beak the curve continues circular for fome diftance, 

 that the lever may be held ftationary ; the remainder of the 

 camm gradually diminifhes its radius like a fpiral, and quits 

 the lever, in order to leave it at liberty to rife up when its 

 correfponding lever is forced down by the beak of the other 

 fimilar camm S. 



The camm L for the heddles is made circular where it is 

 to come in contaft with the lever, and which is all the time 

 it is in aftion. This occafions the levers and heddles to be 

 ftationary whilft the fliuttle is thrown. 



The niventor ftates that, by the addition of fome fimple 

 improvements, his looms have the following advantages ; 

 ■viz. 300 or 400 of them may be worked by one water- 

 wheel, or fteam-engine, all of which will weave cloth in a 

 fuperior manner to what can be done in the common way. 

 They will go at the rate of 60 (hoots in a minute, making 

 two yards height of what is calL-d a nine hundred web in an 

 hour. They will keep regular time in working, ftop and 

 begin again, as quick as a llop-watch. They will keep 

 conftantly going, except at the time of {hiftiug two (huttles, 

 when the weft on the pirns , is exhaulled. In general, no 

 knots need be tied, and never more than one in place of two, 

 which are rcquifite in the common way when a thread 

 breaks. In cafe the (buttle ftops in the (hcd, the lay will 

 not come forwards, and the loom will inftantly Hop work- 



ing. They will weave proportionally flower or quicker, 

 according to the breadth and quality of the web, which may 

 be the broadell now made. They may be mounted with a 

 harnefs or fpot-heddles, to weave any pattern, twilled, 

 ftriped, &c. 



There is but one clofe fhed, the fame in both breadths, 

 and the drain of the working has no effeft: on the yarn be- 

 hind the rods. 



The fell and temples always keep the fame proper dif- 

 tance. There is no time loft in looming, or catting out the 

 cloth ; but it is done while the loom is working, after the 

 firft time. 



The weft is well ftretched, and exaftly even to the fabric 

 required. 



Every piece of cloth is meafured to a ftraw's breadth, 

 and marked where to be cut at any given length. 



Tlie loom will work backwards in cafe of any accident^ 

 or of one or more (hoots miffing. Every thread is as re- 

 gular on the yarn-beam as in the cloth, having no more than 

 two threads in the runner. If a thread (hould appear too 

 coarfe or fine in the web, it can be changed, or any ftripe 

 altered at pleafure. They will weave the finell yarn more 

 tenderly and regularly than any weaver can do with his 

 hands and feet. 



When a thread, either of wsjp or weft, breaks in it, the 

 loom will inftantly ftop, without ftopping any other loom, 

 and will give warning by the ringing of a bell. A loom of 

 this kind occupies only the fame fpace as a common loom ; 

 the expence of it will be about half more ; but this additional 

 cxpcnce is more than-compenfated by the various additional 

 machinery employed for preparing the yarn for the com- 

 mon loom, and which this loom renders entirely un- 

 neceffary. 



The preparatory procefies of reeling, winding, warping, 

 beaming, and looming, and the interruptions occafioned by 

 combing, drcffing, fanning, greafing, drawing bores, (hift- 

 ing heddles, rods, and temples, which is nearly one-half of 

 the weaver's work, do not happen in thefe looms. The ge- 

 neral wafte accompanying the above operations is ftated at 

 about fix per cent, of the value of the yarn, all which occur 

 in the operations of the common loom. The power-loom, 

 without further trouble, performs every operation after the 

 fpinning, till the making of the cloth is accompliflied, by 

 which a faving is effefted of about 20 per cent, of the 

 yarn. 



The heddles, reed, and bruflies, will wear longer than 

 ufual, from the regularity of their motion. More than one- 

 half of workmanfhip will be faved ; one weaver and a boy 

 being quite fufficient to manage five looms of coarfe work, 

 and three or four in fine work. 



Mr. Miller's Poiver-Loom A patent was taken out for 



this in 1796. It is fo much like Mr. Auilin's in its 

 general principle, that it is unneccffary to enter into the de- 

 fcription. The motions are all produced by camms fixed 

 on a horizontal axis, and operate upon a number of hori- 

 zontal levers, difpofed beueatii the loom, in the fituation of 

 treadles : in other refpefts the arrangement of the parts is 

 very different. This is fometimes called the wiper-loom, 

 wiper being a different name for a camm. 



Crank Loom by Po-zver. — In this the treadles are aftnated 

 by cranks, inftead of camms or wipers. The reciprocating 

 motion produced by a crank is not uniform, but accelerated 

 at one time, and retarded at another. This is an advantage 

 in fome of the operations of a loom. It is true, that, by 

 means of wipers, any required law of acceleration may be 

 produced ; but in a crank, the acceleration muft proceed 

 according to one law. The fuperiority of cranks arifes 



from 



