WEIGHT. 



Table X. 



Poids de Marc. 



Eng. Troy Weight. 

 Ti /-. V ■» livres. on. gios. grs. lb. oz. dwt. grs. 



M)Tiagramme 20 6 6 63.5 - 26 9 15 1.46 



Kilogramme - 205 35.15 - 2 8 3 12.146 



Heftogramme - - 3 2 10.715 - 3 4 8.414 



Decagramme - - 2 44.2715 - 6 10.441 



Gramme - - 18.82715 - 15.4441 



Decigramme • - 1.882715 - I-5444I 



Centigramme - - 0.1882715 - 0.15444 



The gramme weighs 5.648 drachms avoirdupois, and 

 the kilogramme 35.3 oz. or 2 lb. 3 oz. 4.8 drachms avoir- 

 dupois. The Quintal Mctrique, therefore, weighs i cwt. 

 3 qrs. 241b. avoirdupois. 



The pound of the Sypme Ufuel, is the half kilogramme ; 

 but the divifions are binary, according to the ancient fyftem. 



Weights of Spain The Caftilian mark is ufed for the 



precious metals. In weighing gold, it is divided into 50 

 caftellanos, 400 tomines, or 4800 grains ; but for filver, the 

 fame mark is divided into eight ounces, 64 ochavos, 128 

 adarmes, 384 tomines, or 4608 grains. The commercial 

 weight is alfo Caftihan. The pound is divided into 2 

 marks, 16 ounces, 128 drachms, or 9216 grains — 2$ 

 pounds = I arroba ; 4 arrobas = i quintal. 



Weights of Portugal. — Gold and filver are weighed by the 

 mark of 8 ounces ; the ounce being fubdivided into 8 

 outavas, 24 efcrupulos, or 576 grains. The commercial 

 pound is divided into 2 marks or 16 ounces, the ounce into 

 8 outavas or 576 grains. — 32 lb. = I arroba ; 4 arrobas = 

 I quintal. 



Weights of Holland. — Gold and filver are weighed by the 

 mark of 8 ounces. The ounce is divided into 20 engels or 

 efterlins ; the engel into 32 aas. Thus the mark weighs 

 5 1 20 aas. The commercial pound is 40 aas heavier than 

 the above pound troy. It is divided into 2 marks, 16 

 ounces, 32 loots, or 128 drachms. — 8 lb. = i ftone ; 151b. = 

 I lifpond ; 100 lb. = i centner; and 300 lb. = i fhip- 

 pond. 



A new fyftem of monies, weights, and meafures, fimilar to 

 the decimal fyftem of France, has been lately decreed for 

 Holland, Brabant, and Flanders, by the king of the Nether- 

 lands. 



Weights of Germany The weight for gold and filver is 



not the fame in all parts of Germany, but the Cologne mark 

 is every where the rtandard weight for coins. It is divided 

 into 8 ounces, 16 loths, 256 pfenings, 512 hellers, 4352 

 efchen, or 65536 richt-pfenings. The pound or pfund 

 commercial weight is generally divided into 2 marks, 16 

 ounces, 32 loths, 128 quentins, 512 pfenings, 1024 hellers. 

 The larger weights are the fhippond, the centner or quintal, 

 the hfpond, and the ftein ; but they do not in all places con- 

 tain the fame number of pounds, and their divifions as well 

 as relative proportions are extremely various throughout the 

 empire. 



Weights of Italy. — The weights of Italy are various both 

 in their divifions and relative proportions. Thus, at Rome, 

 the pound for weighing gold and filver is divided into 12 

 ounces, the ounce into 1 2 drachms, 24 denari or fcrupoli, 48 

 oboli, 144 fihque or 576 grani. At Naples, the pound or 

 libra is divided into 12 ounces, the ounce into 30 trapefi, and 



the trapefo into 20 acini. At Genoa, Florence, Leghorn, 

 and Milan, it is divided into eight ounces, the ounce into 24 

 denari or 576 grani. At Venice, the marc is divided into 

 8 oncie, 32 quarti, 192 denari, 1152 carati, or 4608 grani. 

 The commercial weight in moft of the above places is the 

 fame for light goods as for gold and filver, and is caUed pefo 

 fottile ; but a heavier weight is ufed for coarfe commo- 

 dities, and is called pefo groflb. Their cantaro or quintal 

 varies from 100 to 2501b., and in fome places the great can- 

 taro is 1 000 lb. 



Weights of Denmark. — The pound for gold and filver 

 contains 2 marks, 16 ounces, 32 lots, 128 quentins, or 512 

 orts or pfenings. The pound commercial weight is divided 

 hke that for the precious metals. The (hippond contains 

 320 lbs. 20 lifponds, or 3-i centners. 



Weights of Sweden. — The marck for the precious metals 

 contains 4384 aas ; but for commercial purpofes there are 

 four other weights, -viz. the viftuahe-wigt, divided into 32 

 lods or 128 quentins; the bergs-wigt or miner's weight, 

 the landftads-vvigt, and the metal-wigt. The pound of 

 each of the three latter is divided into 16 lods, or 64 

 quintals. 



Weights of Rujfia The pound in Ruflia ufed for all 



commodities is divided into 32 loths, or 96 folotnicks. — 

 40 lb. = I pood, and 10 poods ^ I berqiiet. 



Weights of AJta. — The weights of Afia are far too nu- 

 merous and various in their divifions for our limits ; but it 

 may be obferved, that decimal divifions are more general 

 there than in Europe. 



Weights of Africa Upon the Barbary coaft and in Egypt, 



the weights are fimilar to each other in their divifions, but very 

 different in their relative proportions. The principal weight 

 is the cantaro, divided into loorottoli, which is likewife ufed 

 in Italy, Conftantinople, and feveral places in the Levant. 



Weights of America. — The weights and meafures generally 

 ufed in America, are thofe of the countries by which the 

 different fettlements were originally colonized. Thus the 

 Spanifti weights are retained in all parts of South America 

 except Brazil, where thofe of Portugal are ufed. In the 

 United States of North America, the Engli/h fyftem of 

 weights and meafures is ftiU continued, although- feveral 

 plans have been propofed for changing them. 



Comparifon of Weights. — The following Tables fhew the 

 relation between Englifti and foreign weights. Alfo the 

 proportion of the latter to each other, which is found by a 

 lingle ttating in the Rule of Three, as in the following ex- 

 amples : 



Example I. — How many marks of Berlin weight are 

 equal to 560 kilogrammes of France ? 



Becaufe 159.29 marks of Berlin = 100 lb. Englilh 

 Troy {^per Table XI.), and 37.31 kilogrammes, by the 

 fame Table, = 100 lb. Enghlh Troy ; it follows that 

 37.31 kilogrammes = 159.26 marks of Berlin; therefore, 

 fay. 



As 37.31 kilog. : 159.29 marks :: 560 kilog. : 

 2390.84 marks. 



Example 2 How many pounds commercial weight of 



Amfterdam are equal to 276 pounds of Leghorn I 



Here, by Table XII., 91.81 lb. of Amfterdam = 

 133.561b. of Leghorn, both being equal to 100 lb. 

 Avoirdupois ; therefore. 



As 133.561b. of Leghorn : 91.81 lb. of Amfterdam :: 

 276 lb, of Leghorn : 189.7 ^b. of Amfterdam. 



Troy 



