W E L 



with (heep, or fome other light fort of live-ftock, under the 

 notion that they will not touch the weld plants ; but this is 

 by no means the cafe, as they are found to feed upon them 

 without any nicety, and mud, of courfe, do very great in- 

 jury to their growth and flowering. In cafes where weld is 

 fown among clover, as is not unfrequently the cafe, the beft 

 method is probably to pull it out when it has got to matu- 

 rity, beforie the clover is cut. Where fown on fummer 

 fallowed land with rafie and grafs-feeds, towards the latter 

 end of that feafon, in which cafe it often does extremely 

 well, the crops are moftly fed by lambs in the courfe of a 

 month or fix weeks after the fowing, when little or no in- 

 jury can be fuftained by the cropping of the weld plants. 



Weld, on account of the great confumption of vegetable 

 food which it caufes, without contributing any thing to the 

 amelioration of the land, can only be introduced with pro- 

 priety, probably, in fituations where manure or fubftances 

 of that kind can be eafily obtained. However, in cafes 

 where the crops of this kind are cultivated with fufficient 

 tillage, care, and attention, they may be a good preparation 

 for wheat or turnips, in fome inftances. 



It may fometimes, too, be grown with advantage in the 

 neighbourhoods of large dyeing, printing, and other fuch 

 manufaftories, where the confumption, and confequently 

 the demand for it, are very great. If this fort of produce 

 cannot be difpofed of foon after it is pulled and tied up, it 

 may be preferved perfeftly found for feveral years, by being 

 ftacked either in the barn or on ftands in the open air, 

 taking care to prevent the attacks and ravages of rats, or 

 other vermin. 



Weld, or Weald, in a Chorographlcal Senfs. See 

 Wkald. 



WELDEREN, or MARIEtJBURO, in Geography, a 

 town of Germany, in the biftiopric of Munfter ; 3 miles 

 N.E. of Dulman. 



WELDING, in the ManufaBures, denotes the forging 

 of iron, when intenfely heated ; or, more generally, the in- 

 timate union which fubfiits between the two furfaces of two 

 pieces of malleable metal, when heated almoft to fufion, and 

 hammered. This union is fo ftrong, that when two bars of 

 metal are properly welded, the place of junction is as ftrong 

 relatively to its thicknefs as any other part of the bar. 

 Welding heat is the heat neceflary for producing this effe<ft. 

 Bar-iron cannot be welded to another piece of iron, unlefs 

 both be heated to nearly 60'' of Wedgwood's pyrometer, 

 which is equal to 8.877 of Fahrenheit's fcale, and is called 

 the welding heat ; but if caft-fteel be heated to this point, 

 it would be fufed, and run from under the hammer ; and, 

 therefore, it was for a long time thought to be impoffible to 

 life it in conjunftion with iron, in the fame manner as the 

 other kinds of fteel are employed. But fir Thomas Frank- 

 land at length difcovered, that if the caft-fteel be made only 

 of a white heat, and the iron of a welding heat, the fteel 

 will then be foft enough to unite with the iron, and yet the 

 former will not become fluid by the operation. It will, 

 however, be proper to give the neceflary temperatures to 

 the two metals feparately, and then to unite them at one 

 fingle heat. (Phil. Tranf. for 1795, p. 296.) Mr. Parkes 

 obferves, that fome nicety is required in the procefs of 

 welding iron, fo that the outfide of the weld does not oxi- 

 dize too much and fly off^ in fcales, before the infide is 

 brought up to a welding heat. When, therefore, a fliilful 

 workman is about to weld two pieces of iron, he carefully 

 obferves the progrefs of the heat ; and if one becomes too 

 hot, he rolls it in fand to preferve it from the aftion of the 

 atmofphere ; and when one piece acquires the necefl^ary 

 temperature before the other, he covers that with fand, 

 Vol. XXXVIII. 



W E L 



whilft he is bringing the correfponding piece up to a fufli- 

 cient heat for its uniting properly with the former. Silex, 

 when mixed with the oxyd of iron, forms a very fufible 

 compound, which covers the work under operation, and 

 prevents a further oxidation of the metal. Iron and platina 

 are capable of a firm union by welding. See fir John Hall's 

 Experiments, in vol. vi. of Edinb. Phil. Tranf. p. 71. 

 Parkes's Eflays, vol. iv. 



Welding, the proper heat fmiths give their iron in the 

 forge, in order to double up the fame, when wanted to 

 weld a work in the doublings, fo as to be in one piece thick 

 enough for the purpole it is wanted for. 



Vfi.LmviG-Heat is the ftrong heat, when the iron is pro- 

 pereft to bind. 



WELDON, Great, in Geography, a fmall market- 

 town in the hundred of Corby, and county of Northampton, 

 England, is fituated in Rockingham foreft, 4 miles E.S.E. 

 from the town of Rockingham, and 84 miles N.N.W. from 

 London. A weekly market is held on Wednefdays, but on a 

 fmall fcale ; and here are four annual fairs. The market- 

 houfe, over which are the feflions-chambers, fupported by 

 columns, was built by lord vifcount Hatton. The parifh 

 is famous for its quarries of rag-ftone, whicii takes a high 

 polilh, and is in great efteem for chimney-pieces, flabs, &c. 

 In the vicinity of this place were difcovered, in the year 

 1738, fome fragments of Roman teflelated pavements, one 

 of which was ninety-fix feet long, and ten broad. Con- 

 nefted with this were the floors of feven rooms ; the centre 

 one, being the largeft, was terminated at one end with five 

 fides of an oftangular projedlion. Among the ruins were 

 found feveral Roman coins of the lower empire. A wall 

 has been built round the Roman pavement, and a wooden 

 roof placed over it. Near Great Weldon, and forming 

 part of the parifh, is Little Weldon, a village fo called in 

 reference to the town, though exceeding it in population. 

 The whole parifh, according to the return to parliament in 

 the year 181 1, contained 166 houfes, and 815 inhabitantt. — 

 Beauties of England and Wales, vol. xi. Northaraptonfliire, 

 by Rev. J. Evans, and J. Britton, F.S.A., 18 10. 



WELDS, a river of America, which runs into the Con- 

 nefticut, in the ftate of Vermont. 



WELEDIA, a town of Egypt, on the left bank of the 

 Nile ; 5 miles N. of Siut. 



WELFORD, a town of England, in Northampton- 

 fliire, with 931 inhabitants, including 683 employed in 

 manufaftures ; 15 miles N.W. of Northampton. 



WELHARTITZ, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 

 Prachatitz ; 8 miles N.W. of Schuttenhofen. 



WELIN, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Chrudim ; 

 12 miles N.E. of Chrudim. 



WELITZEN, a town of Pruflia, in the province of 

 Natangen ; 5 miles S.S.E. of Marggrabown. 



WELKI, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Kaurzim ; 

 7 miles N.E. of Prague. 



WELL, a town of Hindooftan, in Vifiapour ; 12 miles 



E.S.E. of Raibaug Alfo, a town on the north coaft of 



the ifland of Sumatra. N. lat. 4° 40'. E. long. 97° 20'. 



WELL, a hole dug under ground, below the level or 

 furface of the water coUefted in the ftrata. 



It is ufually of a cylindrical figure, and commonly walled 

 with ftone, and lined with mortar. 



In finking wells, it is a confideration of fome importance, 

 that they fhould be lined with free-ftone, and not, as is 

 ufually the cafe, with bricks ; becaufe moft of the bricks 

 which are made in this country, have the property of 

 hardening the water ; but the fl;one does not produce this 



efFea. 



O o M. Blondel 



