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was difgufted with the manners of that place, and leaving 

 his governor there, proceeded to Lyon's, and wrote to the 

 Pretender at Avignon, accompanying his letter with the 

 prefent of a fine horfe. The Pretender was highly gratified, 

 and receiving the marquis at his court, decorated him with 

 the title of the duke of Northumberland. At Paris he paid 

 his refpeds to the dowager-queen of James II., and received 

 notice and good advice from the Englifh ambaffador, lord 

 Stair. About the end of 1716 he returned to England, 

 and going over to Ireland, where he poffefTed a peerage, he 

 was admitted to take his feat in the houfe of lords of that 

 kingdom. Here, deferting the principles and connexion 

 which he had lately formed, he defended the eftablKhcd go- 

 vernment with all the powers of his reafoning and eloquence ; 

 in confequence of which he was advanced to a dukedom, by 

 the ftyle of duke of Wharton, in the county of Wellmore- 

 land. Upon coming to age, he took his feat in the Englifh 

 houfe of lords, where he diftinguiftied himfelf by an aban- 

 donment of his lately avowed principles, in the defence of 

 bifhop Atterbury ; and he alfo pubhfhed a virulent oppofi- 

 tion paper, intitled " The True Briton." But fuch was 

 his boundlefs extravagance, that his eflate was veiled, by a 

 decree of chancery, in the hands of truftees, who allowed 

 him an annuity of 1200/. Having only this pittance, he de- 

 termined to live abroad, and to enter into the fervice of the 

 Pretender. Having vifited Vienna and Madrid, he formed 

 an acquaintance at the latter place with a young lady of 

 Irifh extraftion, who was maid of honour to the queen of 

 Spain, and married her; his duchefs having died in 1726, 

 without leaving any iffue. From Rome, where he appeared 

 under the title of the duke of Northimberland, and decorated 

 with a blue ribband and garter, he returned to Spain, and 

 obtained permiffion from the king to go as a volunteer to 

 Gibraltar, which was then under fiege by the Spaniards. 

 When this fiege broke up, he vifited the Spanifh court, and 

 was nominated by the king " colonel-aggregate" of one of 

 the Irifti regiments. Difcouraged in his wifhes to be ac- 

 tively employed in the fervice of the Pretender, he went to 

 Paris, and with fingular effrontery paid a public vifit to the 

 Englifh ambaffador, Horace Walpole ; informing him, upon 

 taking leave, that he was going to dine with the bifhop of 

 Rocheftcr, though it had been made criminal to hold any 

 communication with that exiled perfon. At this time a bill 

 of indiftment for high trcafon was preferred againfl him in 

 England, for having appeared in arms againft. his majcfly's 

 fortrefs at Gibraltar ; but a wifh to reclaim him induced fir 

 Robert Walpole to fend two friends to offer him his re- 

 eflablifhment and the pofTeflion of his eftate, if he would 

 only fue for pardon. This he refufed to do, confenting only 

 to accept a pardon if freely granted him. His allowance 

 from home was difcontinued, and he was overwhelmed with 

 debts abroad. From Rouen, where he had for fome time 

 refided, he removed to Paris, living meanly, and providing 

 for himfelf by various difhonourable expedients. Having 

 obtained a fmall fum, when all his refources had failed, he 

 took his duchefs with him, and went by water to Bilboa. 

 From thence he proceeded to join his regiment, fuhjefting 

 Kis duchefs to extreme diflrefs, in which fhe was occafionally 

 reheved by the bounty of the duke of Ormond, who was 

 himfelf an exile. In 1730 his health declined, and he 

 amufed himfelf in compofing a tragedy, on the flory of 

 Mary queen of Scots ; but his end was approaching. In 

 his way to a mineral fpring, in the mountains of Catalonia, 

 where he had once obtained relief, he was obliged to flop at 

 a fmall village, when his condition was fo pitiably deflitute, 

 that the fathers of a Bernardine convent took compaffion 

 upon him, and brought him to their houfe, where by atten- 



tion and cordials his life was prolonged for about a week. 

 At length, without a friend or acquaintance to clofe his 

 eyes, having performed the laft duties of penitent devotion, 

 he expired on May 31, 1 73 1, in the 3 2d year of his age, and 

 was interred the next day after the manner of a poor monk. 

 Pope has recorded his charafter, in the firft epillle of his 

 Moral EfTays, in the following beautiful lines : 



•' Thus with each gift of nature and of art, 

 And wanting nothing but an honeft heart ; 

 Grown all to all, from no one vice exempt, 

 And moft contemptible to fhun contempt ; 

 His paffion flill, to covet general praife ; 

 His life, to forfeit it a thoufand ways ; 

 A conflant bounty which no friend has made ; 

 An angel tongue which no man can perfuade ; 

 A fool, with more of wit than half mankind ; 

 Too rafh for thought, for aftion too refin'd ; 

 A tyrant to the wife his heart approves ; 

 A rebel to the very king he loves ; 

 He dies, fad outcall of each church and ftate. 

 And, harder flill ! flagitious, yet not great." 



Wharton was one of the warmefl patrons of Young, who 

 dedicated to him his mofl celebrated tragedy " The Re- 

 venge," and gave him the credit of having fuggefled the 

 moft beautiful incident in that compofition. Biog. Brit. 

 Pope's Works. Johnfon's Lives of the Poets. 



Wharton, Thomas, a phyfician and anatomifl, was 

 born in Yorkfhire, in 1610, and educated at Pembroke-hall, 

 Cambridge. Before the civil wars he refided in Trinity 

 college, Oxford, as private tutor to a natural fon of lord 

 Sunderland. Upon the commencement of the war, he re- 

 moved to London, and engaged in the praftice of phyfic. 

 After the furrender of Oxford to the parhamcnt in 1646, he 

 returned to Trinity college, and was created M.D. by 

 the recommendation of general Fairfax. Returning again 

 to London, he became a member and cenfor of the college 

 of phyficians, and acquired confiderable praftice and repu- 

 tation. In 1652 he read leftures before the college on the 

 fubjeft of the glands ; but labouring, as other anatomills of 

 that day did, under a fcarcity of human fubjefts, he was 

 under a neceffity of availing himfelf of animal diffeftion. 

 In his work, intitled " Adenographia, five Glandularum 

 totius Corporis Defcriptio," 1656, 8vo., his defcriptions 

 are alm.ofl wholly taken from brute animals, and therefore 

 cannot fland the tefl of modern accuracy. Neverthelefs he 

 revived and improved the knowledge of the falivary dufts on 

 the fide of the tongue, to which he affixed his own name ; 

 and he furnifhes ufeful obfervations on the difeafes of the 

 glands. He died in 1673. Haller. Gen. Biog. 



Wharton, in Geography, a townfhip of Pennfylvania, 

 with 922 inhabitants ; 30 miles S. of Pittfburgh. 



WHATLY, a town of Mafl'achufetts, with 891 in- 

 habitants ; 10 miles N. of Northampton. 



WHATOGA, a town of United America, in the Ten- 

 nafee flate ; 4c miles S. of Knoxville. 



WHEAT, in 5o/^nj.. SeeTRiTlcuM. 



Wheat, in ylgriculture, a well-known valuable grain, 

 much cultivated and grown in many parts of this as well as 

 mofl other sountries, as being the principal fort of corn 

 from which bread is made. It is not now well known from 

 what country wheat was firfl introduced into this ; but it 

 has lately been fuggefled as probable, by fir .Tofeph Banks, 

 in confequence of having a fmall paper of feeds, on which 

 were written Hill "wheat, put into his hands, the feeds con- 

 tained in which were found to be fcarcely larger than thofe 

 of our wild graffes ; though, when nicely examined, they 



perfeftly 



