W H I 



White Poppy, a plant fometimes cultivated in the garden 

 and the field for the ufe of the opium which is obtained from 

 its juice by means of evaporation. It might be largely cul- 

 tivated in many lituations with great advantage, as it con- 

 tains this fubftance or principle in great abundance. See 

 Papaver Album. 



White Porcelain. See Porcelain. 



White Pot, denotes milk or cream baked with the yolks 

 of eggs, fine bread, fugar, and fpice, in an earthen pot. 



The cooks furnifh us with a variety of difhes under this 

 form and denomination : fuch are, Norfolk white-pot, Weft- 

 minfter white-pot, rice white-pot, &c. 



White Pottery. See Pottery. 



White Precipitate. See Carbonate q/" Mercury. 



White Pyrites, in Mineralogy ; Fr. fulfure blanc, Hauy. 

 The colour of this ore when pure is of a tin-white colour, 

 paffing into brafs-yellow and fteel-grey. It occurs in fmall 

 oftohedral cryftals varioufly modified, alfo ftalaftitical and 

 botryoidal. It is hard, brittle, and eafily frangible. It 

 melts before the blow-pipe, giving out a fulphureous vapour ; 

 it then acls on the magnetic needle. It decompofes much 

 eafier than common pyrites. It contains 46 parts of iron and 

 54 of fulphur. See Pyrites. 



White Rent, in Rural Economy, a rent or duty of 8(/. 

 payable yearly, by every tinner in the counties of Devon 

 and Cornwall, to the duke of the latter, as lord of the foil. 

 See Blanch Ferme. 



White Sab is common or fea-falt dried and calcined by 

 the fire, fo as not to leave any moifture therein. The che- 

 mifts call it decrepitated fait. 



There are fome falts naturally white, and others that need 

 to be whitened, either by diffolving and purifying them in 

 ■fair water, which is afterwards evaporated ; or by means of 

 fire ; or by the fun. See Salt. 



White Salt, a term applied to the fine purified fait, in 

 contradiftinftion to that of the rock kind. The former is 

 faid in Chefhire to form a much more important objeft in 

 the way of commerce than the latter. See Salt. 



White Sauce, a fort of fauce made of blanched almonds, 

 and the breaft of a capon, pounded together with cloves, 

 cinnamon, Sec. We alfo hear of white broth, which is a 

 fort of broth enriched with fack and fpices, having blanched 

 almonds fcraped into it, and the whole thickened with the 

 yolks of eggs, &c. 



White Scour. See ScouR. 



White Silver Ore, in Mineralogy, an ore of filver always 

 affociated with lead and antimony. (See Silver Ores.) 

 Dark white filver contains, according to Klaproth, 9.25 

 parts in the hundred of filver. Light white filver ore con- 

 tains 20.40, affociated with the fame minerals as the dark 

 ore, but in different proportions. 



White Soap. See Soap. 



White, Spani/h, is a kind of fucus ufed by the ladies to 

 whiten their complexion, and hide the defefts of it, called 

 alfo magl/iery of blfmuth. 



The ufe of this, as well as of ceruffes, is pernicious ; and 

 fliould be particularly avoided during the taking of any 

 fulphureous water, which may change the complexion quite 

 black. Indeed, all phlogiftic vapours, and even the fun 

 itfelf, tend to give both the magiftery of bifmuth and cerufle 

 a yellow colour : an obfervation which ferves to explain a 

 paffage in Martial, where a cerufed lady is faid to fear the 

 fun. 



" Cretata timet FabuUa, nimbum, 

 Cerufata timet Sabella, folem. 



Ep. lib. ii. Ep. 41. 



Vol. XXXVIII. 



W H I 



White, Spanljh, is alfo a name given to troy white. 



White Spurs. See Spur, and Esquire. 



White Star, and Sugar. See the fubftantives. 



White Stone, in Geology; IVeifs Jlelr., Werner; Etir'tie 

 of fome French geologills ; a rock enumerated by Werner 

 as a diftinft fpecies among the primary rocks. It is effen- 

 tially compofed of felfpar, but contains mica and other mi- 

 nerals. We think it may fairly be doubted whether white- 

 ftone ought to be confidered as a diftinft fpecies of rock, or 

 only as an occafio'nal mode in which gneifs and granite fome- 

 times occur. According to the account given by M. Bon- 

 nard of the Saxon Erzgeberge, in the Journal des Mines, 

 1 81 5, the gneifs of that diftrift often lofes its mica, and 

 pafles into a rock eflentially the fame as white-ftone or eurite. 

 In other inftances, the granite, by lofing a great part of its 

 mica and quartz, palfes into the fame rock, ftill retaining 

 the geological pofition of granite, and including immenfe 

 beds of granite within it. The north-weftern acclivity of 

 the Saxon Erzgeberge is almoft entirely compofed of white- 

 ftone, including mafles of granite, from a few feet to fome 

 miles in extent. This rock forms the bafis on which the other 

 rocks are placed. Bonnard gives the following defcription 

 of white-ftone or eurite in the above diftrift : — It is compofed 

 of very fine granular felfpar, which is fometimes compaft, of 

 3 whitifti-grey or yellowifti-grey colour ; the mica is brownifti. 

 It occurs in layers, and is fometimes fiffile when the mica is 

 abundant. In this cafe, the felfpar is almoil as friable as 

 dolomite. When the felfpar is compaft, and the mica more 

 rare, the rock nearly lofes its fiflile property. This rock 

 contains fappare and other minerals diffeminated. The rock 

 on which it refts is unknown, as the white-ftone ferves as a 

 bafis for the gneifs and other rocks. In the greater part of 

 the diftrift a granitic rock occurs in the white-ftone, which 

 is fometimes a true granite and fometimes a granular eurite. 

 This granite is compofed of felfpar, which is rarely of a 

 red colour, but often brown, which is alfo generally the 

 colour of the mica ; the proportion of the quartz is variable, 

 and fometimes is entirely wanting. In the few places where 

 the two rocks can be feen together, the granite appears not 

 only to alternate with the eurite, but to pafs into it ; or 

 rather the two rocks may be faid to pafs infenfibly into each 

 other, both in the fmall and large mafles. The grain of the 

 granite is often very fine ; but near Penig it contains cryilals 

 of felfpar of a foot in cubic fize. The only beds which 

 occur in the white-ftone are of ferpentine ; thefe are in the 

 upper part of it, and dip to the north. There have been no 

 metallic veins difcovered in the white-ftone rock. From the 

 above defcription, there can be little doubt that white-ftone 

 ought, when viewed geologically on a large fcale, to be 

 confidered only as a particular form of granite arifing from 

 the diminution of the quartz and mica. The circumftances, 

 whatever they may have been, which firft difpofed the gra- 

 nite to foHdify, permitted the conftituent parts to arrange 

 therafelves in different proportions in various parts of the 

 mafs. Thus in extenfive granite formations, notliing is more 

 frequent than to fee the quartz and felfpar coUefted in large 

 mafles nearly pure, or with a very fmall admixture of the 

 other component parts ; and in the white-ftone of Saxony 

 precifely the fame fafts are exhibited on a larger fcale. See 

 Rocks, Strata, and Systems of Geology. 



White Styre Apple, in Rural Economy, a rich cider-fruit 

 in field orchards. It is (aid to be the boail of the foreft 

 diftriA in Gloucefterftiire, and that under proper manage- 

 ment, it affords a cider fo rich and ftrong, that it is often 

 valued equally with foreign wine, and fold at extravagant 

 prices, 



3 E White- 



