W I c 



W I c 



and 8 1 in the fame direftion from London. The market, ever, though the heart of the county be a cheerlefs wade, 

 which was formerly held on Saturdays, has long been dif- the hills on the ealt and weft fides, and efpecially along the 

 continued. — Beauties of England and Wales, vol. xiv. Suf- coaft, are from fix to eight miles in breadth, being many of 

 folk, by F. Shoberl. them well wooded, and intermixed with profitable and 



WiCKHAM Breaux, and Wickham Streyth, the names of fmiling valleys, form a delightful and various fcenery. 

 two other paridies in Suffolk, England. They are crowded with gentlemen's feats, and are not 



WICKLIFFISTS, or Wickliffites, in Ecclefiajlical without fmall towns and villages." This was Dr. Beau- 

 Hiflory, a rehgious fed, who had their rife in England in fort's account in 1792. In 1801, captain Frazer pubhfhed 

 the 14th century, and their name from their leader John a ftatiftical account for the Dublin Society. This gentle- 

 W'ldhffc. ""^n laments, that " the Wicklow farmers foul the land by 



Wickliffe, of whofe opinions we give fome account repeated corn-crops, and feldom or never lay it down to 

 in his biograptiical article, (fee Wicliff,) denied that grafs with feeds." He deplores " the total negleft of the 

 bifhops were of a different order from priefts, and that improvement of the breed of animals for ftock and labour ;" 

 by virtue of their office they had any power to do what and under the head of ploughs he remarks, " the common 

 prielts have not ; and that in the apoftohc times the two plough in ufe in this diftrift is the fwing-plough ; it is 

 orders fubfifting in the church were thofe of prieft and feldom, however, formed on any fcientific principles, and 

 deacon. With regard to tithes, he obferves, that we do not is generally very clumfy, and ill-adapted for making clean 

 read in the Gofpel where Chrift paid tithes, or commanded or regular work." In 18 12, however, when the Rev. 

 any man fo to do ; and that if they were due by God's com- Thomas RadcHffe publiflied a Report of the Agriculture 

 mandment, there fhould be every where in Chriftendom one and Live-Stock of' the County of Wicklow, a very great 

 manner of tithing ; and that thofe things which are due to change had taken place. A few extrafts from this intereft- 

 priefts fhould be given freely, without exaftion or conftrain- ing publication will furnifh the reader with the moft 

 ing. In oppofition to the papal claims of fupremacy and authentic information on the ftate of this county, and of 

 dominion, he maintained that the grants of emperors may be what has been efiFefted by the exertions of the Farming 

 refumed; that St. Peter and his fucceffors have no rights Society of Ireland, its own local Farming Society, and the 

 conferred upon them of civil or political dominion ; that the encouragement as well as example of good landlords, 

 perfons of the clergy and the goods of the church are not The climate of the county is, in general, mild ; but on 

 exempted from the civil powers ; and that bulls of abfolu- the eaflern fide, along the fea-coaft, is peculiarly warm, and 

 tion or excommunication are conditional and not abfolute, favourable to vegetation ; infomuch that there is alnioft a 

 and depend for their effeAs on the difpofition and charafter perpetual fpring ; and land of an apparently light quahty 

 of thofe to whom they pertain. is known to produce crops equal, if not fuperior, to thofe 



Wickliffe defines herefy to be error maintained againft on the richeil foils in other parts of Ireland. The crops 

 holy writ, and that in hfe and converfation, as well as in commonly cultivated are, potatoes, wheat, barley, and oats, 

 opinion. He ventured to affirm, that children who die with- With refpeft to potatoes, the valuable fyflem of drilling is 

 out baptifm may be faved ; that this rite does not confer almoft univerfally adopted. The quantity of wheat is in- 

 grace, but only fignify that which was before given ; and confiderable : it is generally taken after the potatoe-crop, 

 he denied that all fins are abohfhed by baptifm. But in fometimes after another white crop, or upon the lea ; but 



thefe and fome other points, occurring in his various works, 

 ■which were publifhcd at different times, he is not always 

 perfeftly confillent ; but in all matters of principal im- 

 portance he is uniform. 



He left many followers in England and other countries, 

 who were called Wickliffites and LolLirds, and who held 

 their opinions in private without making any public profcf- 

 fion of them ; though they were generally known by their 



the periodical fallow for wheat is fortunately unheard of. 

 The barley-crop is taken after potatoes or turnips, and, 

 like the wheat, is fown under the plough. The oat-crop, 

 by the common practice, is taken upon the lea ; but if upon 

 ilubble-ground, it is fown under the plough. The crops 

 are not exceeded in quantity or quahty in any part of 

 Ireland. Green crops are not in much ufe among the 

 tenantry. The manure in this county, befides dung, confifts 



difparaging the fuperftitious clergy, whofe corruptions were of brown, blue, and white marl, hme and lime-ftone gravel 



fo notorious, and their cruelty fo enraged, that it was no In the grealell part of this county, the implements of the 



wonder the people were much prejudiced againft them, beft conllruftion are in very general ufe; fuch as the Scotch 



Wherever they could be found, they were terribly perfe- plough, as recommended and fupplicd by the Farming 



cuted by the inquifitors, and other inftruments of papal ven- Society, the .Scotch harrow, the Scotch cart, drill-machines, 



geance. — Lewis's Hiftory, &c. 8vo. paffim. Mofli. Eccl. and even the threfhing-machine. Moft of the improved 



Hift. vol. iii. 8vo. Burnet's Hilt. Reform, vol. i. p. 23. 



WICKLOW, in Geography, a maritirnc county of Ire- 

 land, on the eall coaft, having the county of Dublin on the 

 north, the Irifh fea on the eaft, the counties of Kildare, 

 Dublin, and Carlow, on the weft, and that of Wexford on 

 the fouth. Its extent from north to fouth is 32 Irifh (4O5 

 Enghlh) miles; from eaft to weft, 26 Irifh (33 Englifh) 

 miles; and the fuperficial contents are 311,600 acres, or 

 486 fquare miles, equal to 500,600 acres, or 780 fquare 

 miles Englifh. Mr. Radcliftc, according to the county 

 map, flatcs the fuperficial contents at 305,404 Irifli 

 acres. There arc 58 parifhes, which have 20 cluirches, 

 moftly in the archbilhopric of Dublin. Dr. Beaufort 

 ftatcs the population at 58,000. " A great part of Wick- 

 low is rendered unfit for habitation, and incapable of cul- 

 ture, by mountains intermixed with rocks and bogs. How- 



breeds of cattle have been introduced into this county ; 

 but Wicklow cannot be confidered as a breeding county. 

 The dairies are numerous ; but, on a contrafted fcale, 

 averaging from eight to fixteen cows, and almoft uniformly 

 engaged in the feeding of veal for the Dublin market. In 

 the northern part of the county, much of the milk is con- 

 fumed in fattening early lamb. The county of Wicklow, 

 though not to be clafled as a breeding county with refpeft 

 to cattle, is very extenfively fo with refpeft to (hecp, its 

 vail trafts of mountain fupplying a wholefome, tliough not 

 an exuberant, pailure to that animal. The breed of this 

 county is the mountain kind ; and the number of breeding 

 ewes may be ftated at 20,000. The South Down are the 

 favourites with the gentlemen ; and many flocks of the 

 native mountain have been croffed with South Down. The 

 Merino fheep have alfo been fuccefsfuUy introduced. The 

 3 H 2 cottou 



